Nature:重组抗生素药物可以有效治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染

2015-11-10 佚名 生物谷

一类新的药物可以通过锁定目标细菌并在合适的时机将其消灭,从而成为如今威胁人类健康的重要细菌感染病的有效治疗药物。 这类药物是由抗体与抗生素搭配组成的,它能够特异性消灭金黄色葡萄球菌,即使是最难以杀灭的耐药性菌株。对小鼠进行耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌感染后,这类药物的使用能够显著降低感染的程度,比单独使用万古霉素还要明显。相关的研究结果发表在最近一期的《自然》杂志上。 如果这类发现对人类的微生物

一类新的药物可以通过锁定目标细菌并在合适的时机将其消灭,从而成为如今威胁人类健康的重要细菌感染病的有效治疗药物。

这类药物是由抗体与抗生素搭配组成的,它能够特异性消灭金黄色葡萄球菌,即使是最难以杀灭的耐药性菌株。对小鼠进行耐药性金黄色葡萄球菌感染后,这类药物的使用能够显著降低感染的程度,比单独使用万古霉素还要明显。相关的研究结果发表在最近一期的《自然》杂志上。

如果这类发现对人类的微生物感染同样适用,那么它将能够帮助提高金黄色球菌感染的治愈率。

抗葡萄球菌感染治疗的治愈率之所以低下,是因为其有独特的感染方式。一般情况下,在宿主体内,该细菌会与负责杀灭它们的免疫细胞进行对抗。当被吞噬进入细胞内部时,这些细菌将被分解成为完全无毒的成分。然而,一部分细菌能够躲过这一清除的过程并完美地隐藏起来。这样一来,这些免疫细胞非但不能成为对抗细菌感染的武器,反而成为了它们存活的"基地"。由于被包裹在细胞内部,这些细菌将不会受到抗生素的威胁;同时,由于免疫细胞的流动性,该细菌将会被带到其它未被感染的部位,从而造成严重的系统性感染。

常规的抗生素治疗能够杀灭感染部位的金黄色葡萄球菌,然而对于存在于细胞内部的那一部分,抗生素常常无能为力,最终将会造成感染的复发。

这类新药物,则能够有效解决这一难题。该药物表面的抗体分子能够与金黄色葡萄球菌进行特异性结合,从而将抗生素带到细菌表面。当细菌被吞噬进入细胞内部后,胞内的酶能够将该药物进行分解,释放其中抗生素成分的活性。研究者们通过实验发现一类以此方法制作的一类利福平的衍生物,"rifalogue"具有最佳的杀菌能力。即使躲进胞内的细菌也难以逃脱该药物的作用。

在实验室测试中,他们发现有一千多种"超级药物"都能够特异性地吸附在细菌表面,从而产生与"rifalogue"相似的活性。在小鼠身上他们也得到了喜人的结果。

然而,目前还没有证据证明该药物对人类同样有效。研究者们指出,人类免疫系统可能会产生其它特异性结合金黄色葡萄球菌的抗体从而产生竞争性抑制作用,最终应该该药物的药效。

不管怎么样,以上疑虑并不能否定这一技术的实用性。研究者们可以不断进行抗生素与抗体的排列组合,以达到最佳的使用效果;另外,由于游离在循环系统中的抗生素对人体也是有害的,因此做这样的连接修饰也能够降低抗生素的副作用。研究者们还可以尝试针对其它细菌的超级药物的设计,从而丰富抗感染的治疗手段。

原文出处:

Ayelet Sivan, Leticia Corrales,et al. Gasdermin D: the long-awaited executioner of pyroptosis.nature.2015

 

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