Nature Genetic:大肠癌新遗传风险因子被发现

2012-12-26 Nature Genetic 生物通 佚名

  来自中山大学癌症中心、范德堡大学医学院的研究人员确定了三个与大肠癌相关的新遗传“热点”。研究发现在线发表在12月23日的《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetic)杂志上,从而为我们提供了关于大肠癌生物学的新认识,有可能指出了该疾病新的治疗靶点。   领导这一研究的是华人科学家郑苇(Wei Zheng)教授,其现任范德堡大学Ingram癌症研究中心教授、分子流行病研究室

  来自中山大学癌症中心、范德堡大学医学院的研究人员确定了三个与大肠癌相关的新遗传“热点”。研究发现在线发表在12月23日的《自然遗传学》(Nature Genetic)杂志上,从而为我们提供了关于大肠癌生物学的新认识,有可能指出了该疾病新的治疗靶点。

  领导这一研究的是华人科学家郑苇(Wei Zheng)教授,其现任范德堡大学Ingram癌症研究中心教授、分子流行病研究室主任,亦为美国NCI基金项目评审专家、美国国家卫生研究院、美国癌症研究协会等多个协会会员。其主要研究方向为肿瘤流行病与分子流行病学。近五年完成或参与美国国家级科研项目共18项,发表SCI收录的高水平论文148篇,具有极高的学术威望。中山大学为这篇论文的第一研究单位。

  大肠癌是全世界最常见的癌症之一,在美国和其他发达国家发病率尤其高。遗传学在散发性和家族性(遗传性)形式的大肠癌中起重要作用。然而,当前只有6%的大肠癌病例可以通过罕见的遗传变异来进行解释,这些变异已知导致了大肠癌高风险(正如在家族性形式的大肠癌中所见到的)。

  以往关于大肠癌遗传基础的研究已经确定了一些变异,然而大多数的研究都是在欧洲或高加索人群中完成。

  郑苇教授说:“检测不同的种族群体非常重要,因为种群之间存在着遗传结构的差异,这会使得在一个种群中确定的变异无法解释其他种群的风险。由于遗传结构的差异以及潜在的环境接触,在非欧洲种群中开展研究可能更容易发现一些风险变异。”

  2009年,郑苇及同事们在几个亚洲国家建立了“亚洲大肠癌协会”(Asia Colorectal Cancer Consortium)以寻找疾病的新遗传风险因子。该协会包括了中国、韩国和日本的群体。

  采用一种称为“全基因组关联研究”(GWAS)的方法,郑苇及同事们开始寻找与这一疾病风险相关的常见变异。

  从来自2,098个大肠癌病例和5,749个对照的遗传数据中,研究人员确定了64个与大肠癌相关的变异或“单核苷酸多态性”(SNPs)。

  研究人员随后在另一组样本中复现了这些研究结果,将疾病相关变异的数量缩小至4个。在这4个变异中有3个也与一个较大的欧洲样本的大肠癌风险相关。

  郑苇说:“这项研究结果与亚洲和欧洲种群均具有相关性。有趣的是,以往在欧洲裔群体中开展的研究并没有发现这三个易感位点。”

  郑苇指出这一研究突显了在非欧洲种群中开展遗传研究,充分揭示包括大肠癌在内的常见疾病遗传基础的重要性。

  尽管目前对于这些新发现的易感位点的确切功能还不是很清楚,这项研究发现了定位在靠近风险变异的区域中的几个重要基因。例如,一个风险变异定位靠近CCND2基因,CCND2基因编码的cyclin D2是调控细胞周期的cyclin蛋白家族的一个成员。人们一直以来都认为细胞周期蛋白(Cyclins)与癌症相关,但是对于CCND2基因的研究却非常有限。因此,当前的研究结果表明,有需要进一步研究其他细胞周期蛋白和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases,CDKs)在癌症发生中的作用

  郑苇说:“这些新发现非常令人感到兴奋。它们必定会促成未来进一步研究这些区域的生物学,以及这些研究发现在癌症预防和治疗中的转化潜力。”


Genome-wide association analyses in east Asians identify new susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer

To identify new genetic factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), we conducted a genome-wide association study in east Asians. By analyzing genome-wide data in 2,098 cases and 5,749 controls, we selected 64 promising SNPs for replication in an independent set of samples, including up to 5,358 cases and 5,922 controls. We identified four SNPs with association P values of 8.58 × 10−7 to 3.77 × 10−10 in the combined analysis of all east Asian samples. Three of the four were replicated in a study conducted in 26,060 individuals of European descent, with combined P values of 1.22 × 10−10 for rs647161 (5q31.1), 6.64 × 10−9 for rs2423279 (20p12.3) and 3.06 × 10−8 for rs10774214 (12p13.32 near the CCND2 gene), derived from meta-analysis of data from both east Asian and European-ancestry populations. This study identified three new CRC susceptibility loci and provides additional insight into the genetics and biology of CRC.

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    2013-07-23 docwu2019
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    2013-04-30 cy0324
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    2013-04-17 liye789132251
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