Radiology:早期DWI在前部缺血性视神经病变中的价值

2022-02-18 shaosai MedSci原创

前部缺血性视神经病变(AION)是老年患者中最常见的急性视神经病变。其年发病率为每10万名50岁以上的人中有2.3至10.2例。

前部缺血性视神经病变(AION)是老年患者中最常见的急性视神经病变。其年发病率为每10万名50岁以上的人中有2.3至10.2例。AION可分为非动脉性(NA-AION)和动脉性(A-AION),前者占AION病例的95%,后者主要与巨细胞动脉炎(GCA)有关早期和准确的诊断对于避免严重和不可逆的并发症至关重要。

与缺血性卒中类似,一些研究和病例报告显示,弥散加权(DW)MRI可能检测出缺血性视神经病变患者的视神经缺血性改变。然而,使用DWI诊断AION仍然具有挑战性在一些确诊的AION病例中没有发现扩散受限。这可能是由于视神经体积小,以及眼眶中存在运动性和易感性伪影而影响了DWI的诊断性能。另一个解释可能是从视觉症状发生到器质性病变的形成需要一定的时间。已有研究证实,缺血性卒中的DWI异常是发展性的,表观弥散系数(ADC)最低值通常在24-32小时内到达,然后在7-10天内恢复正常。据我们所知,还没有研究探讨过时间对AION的影响。

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究评估从AION发病到出现DWI异常的时间对检测视神经缺血性改变的影响为确定最佳的诊断时机并实现疾病的早期诊断提供了可能

项经IRB批准的回顾性单中心研究纳入了2015年1月至2020年5月期间接受治疗的126名AION患者和111名视神经炎对照组患者数据。两位对所有数据保密的放射科医生对图像进行了单独分析。一位资深的神经放射学家通过共识差异进行判析。主要判断标准是在ADC图上主观评估的视盘和/或视神经的弥散受限并对ADC值进行了测量。使用Spearman等级相关来研究从视觉症状发生到MRI完成的时间与弥散受限和ADC值之间的关系。 

本研究纳入126名AION患者(47/126 [37.3%] 女性和79/126 [62.7%] 男性,平均年龄69.1 ± 13.7岁)。AION眼的视盘弥散受限在早期MRI组比晚期MRI组更常见。早期MRI组的病理性视盘和视神经的ADC值低于期MRI组。0.61 [0.52-0.94] × 10-3 mm2/s对1.28 [1.01-1.44] × 10-3 mm2/s,p < 0.001;0.74 [0.61-0.88] × 10-3 mm2/s对0.89 [0.72-1.10] × 10-3 mm2/s,p <0.001。 

 

 86岁女性因左眼急性视力丧失而到急诊科就诊。MRI是在视觉症状出现3天后进行的。在左眼视盘(箭头),扩散加权MRI(a)显示高信号,表观扩散系数图(b)显示ADC值降低,是扩散受限的标志。增强后的T1加权成像(c)显示左侧视盘强化(箭头)。视盘(红色)和视神经(蓝色)的ROI位置分别显示在d和e。诊断为左眼动脉硬化性前部缺血性视神经病变。

研究表明,在视觉症状出现后的早期进行DWI MRI检查,对检测AION患者的视盘和视神经的缺血性改变有良好的诊断性能,最佳阈值为5天。

原文出处

Sandy Mournet,Thomas Sené,Frédérique Charbonneau,et al.Early diffusion-weighted MRI at 3 Tesla detects ischemic changes of the optic nerve in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.DOI:10.1007/s00330-021-08417-4

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    2022-09-21 gj0740
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    2022-02-20 hyf028
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