Nature Medicine:SARS-CoV-2感染后有长期影响

2021-06-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

16-30岁的居家隔离的COVID-19轻度患者存在长期呼吸困难和认知症状的风险

呼吸道是SARS-CoV-2进入和感染的部位;但COVID-19是一种复杂的全身性疾病,影响血管、肾脏、血液、胃肠道和中枢神经系统。随着有证据显示,肺功能主要与纤维化有关的持续性损害,需要更多关于COVID-19对其他器官的长期影响的数据。严重COVID-19存活患者持续存在过多症状和一个长期的COVID - 19综合征已被提出。然而,症状的严重程度和持续时间在很大程度上仍然未知。慢性疲劳发生在2003年SARS感染之后,众所周知,在一系列传染病之后。在SARS-CoV-2大流行之前,重症监护病房的病人管理往往与精神和身体状况下降有关,这可以部分解释重症患者长时间感染COVID - 19的原因。然而,长期冠状病毒感染对轻、中度患者的负担尚不明确。

Bjørn Blomberg等对来自挪威卑尔根第一波大流行的住院和家庭隔离患者的前瞻性队列进行了COVID-19初始症状6个月后的持续症状评估。文章发表在Nature Medicine杂志。

研究流程

COVID-19后的长期并发症在住院患者中很常见,但较轻病例的症状谱需要进一步调查。该研究团队在一项前瞻性队列研究中对312名患者进行了长期随访——247名家庭隔离,65名住院——包括挪威卑尔根第一波大流行期间总病例的82%。在6个月时,所有患者中有61%(189/312)有持续性症状,这些症状与初始疾病的严重程度、恢复期抗体滴度增加和已存在的慢性肺部疾病独立相关。16-30岁,52%(32/61)在6个月时有味觉和/或嗅觉丧失(28%,17/61)、疲劳(21%,13/61)、呼吸困难(13%,8/61)、注意力不集中(13%,8/61)和记忆问题(11%,7/61)等症状。患有轻度COVID-19的年轻、居家隔离的成年人存在长期呼吸困难和认知症状的风险,这突显了接种疫苗等感染控制措施的重要性。

初始COVID-19疾病的严重程度和年龄与2个月时抗SARS-COV-2峰值(a和b)和微中和抗体滴度(e和f)的关系。2个月时抗体滴度与持续症状的数量(c和g)以及6个月随访时根据Chalder量表(d和h)的总疲劳评分的关系。病情严重程度如下:1 -无症状(n = 5);2 -居家隔离并有症状(n = 242);无医疗需求住院3例(n = 0);4名住院,有医疗需要(n = 31);5例住院需要氧气(n = 24);住院需要无创通气的6例(n = 4);7例住院需使用呼吸器(n = 6)。15岁年龄组分为0 ~ 15岁(n = 16)、16 ~ 30岁(n = 65)、31 ~ 45岁(n = 69)、46 ~ 60岁(n = 90)和60岁(n = 72)。a、b、e和f显示中值spike IgG和微中和抗体滴度(水平线),25%和75%分位数(方框),加上95%可信区间(线)和异常值(点)。c和d是将症状数量(高达13)或疲劳分数(值0-33)分为四种spike IgG: <150 (n = 21), 150 - 4999 (n = 96), 5,000-20,000 (n = 103)和>20,000 (n = 92)。5 k, 5000;20 k, 20000。g和h分别为<20 (neg n = 42)、20 - 79 (n = 107)、80-320 (n = 92)和>320 (n = 71)四类微中和效价的小提琴图。O2,补充氧气。

该研究发现很大一部分COVID-19幸存者在发病6个月后出现持续症状。虽然之前有报道称因COVID-19重症住院的患者经常出现长期症状,但该研究发现,超过半数的居家隔离的轻、中度COVID-19患者在感染6个月后仍然出现症状。令人担忧的是,未住院的年轻人(16-30岁)在感染半年后出现可能严重的症状,如注意力和记忆问题、呼吸困难和疲劳。特别是学生,这些症状可能会干扰他们的学习和学习进展。

COVID-19患者持续疲劳的高流行率令人震惊,似乎高于流感、EB病毒单核细胞增多症和登革热等常见感染后观察到的情况。此前,挪威的数据显示,一般人群中的慢性疲劳患病率(11%)略低于目前的家庭对照人群(14%),这些家庭对照人群比感染患者更年轻,且共患病更少,但在同一时间抽样。然而,这种明显的差异可能是由于数字较低而造成的巧合。女性有较高的疲劳患病率,这与早期在挪威普通人群中进行的一项研究的结果一致。疾病严重程度与持续症状之间的相关性与COVID-19住院患者的数据一致。由于呼吸道是COVID-19的主要靶器官,该研究发现潜在的慢性肺部疾病(主要是哮喘)与持续症状(包括疲劳)之间存在关联并不令人惊讶。

最初严重的疾病和2个月时抗体效价的增加之间的联系可能是由于更高的病毒载量,这可能会更深刻地触发免疫系统。恢复期抗体效价随着年龄的增长而增加,这可以解释为老年人患有更严重的疾病,因为年龄是已知的严重COVID-19的强危险因素。然而,与老年人流感感染后观察到的免疫衰老相比,多变量分析表明,年龄和疾病的严重程度与抗体效价的增加独立相关。这些发现要求加强对COVID-19大规模疫苗接种项目的监测。16-30岁的居家隔离的COVID-19轻度患者存在长期呼吸困难和认知症状的风险。考虑到在目前的大流行期间有数百万年轻人受到感染,该研究结果为全面控制感染和全民大规模接种提供了强大动力。

原文出处

Blomberg, B., Mohn, K.GI., Brokstad, K.A. et al. Long COVID in a prospective cohort of home-isolated patients. Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01433-3

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    2021-07-20 jeanqiuqiu
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    2021-08-09 hukaixun
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1859161, encodeId=28b5185916139, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e0a9593596' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5935, encryptionId=e0a9593596, topicName=DIC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6f7770, createdName=jeanqiuqiu, createdTime=Tue Jul 20 05:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1938019, encodeId=cc211938019e3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=02de15902d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS-CoV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15902, encryptionId=02de15902d3, topicName=SARS-CoV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6ab940, createdName=hukaixun, createdTime=Mon Aug 09 23:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1773965, encodeId=87c81e7396520, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f014e1852' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CIN#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4718, encryptionId=5f014e1852, topicName=CIN)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Sat Aug 14 10:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885254, encodeId=c242188525422, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Wed Aug 11 15:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2053291, encodeId=c1d920532914d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6d7796998e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长期影响#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96998, encryptionId=6d7796998e0, topicName=长期影响)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/cc81592b507031e3cfd8d4c57911d98b/62c22832a9474aea1ca90ca058aebc03.jpg, createdBy=bed5446, createdName=limedical1974, createdTime=Sat Feb 05 13:18:49 CST 2022, time=2022-02-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1321286, encodeId=754713212869e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ac0d159007f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SARS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15900, encryptionId=ac0d159007f, topicName=SARS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8306486, createdName=小刀医生, createdTime=Sat Jun 26 16:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577816, encodeId=494b15e781600, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cda91148004' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medicine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11480, encryptionId=cda91148004, topicName=Medicine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sat Jun 26 16:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611106, encodeId=5ee416111068f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Jun 26 16:18:49 CST 2021, time=2021-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-11 liye789132251
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    2021-06-26 小刀医生
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