Nature:美科研人员绘制出两份脑图谱

2014-04-08 健康报 健康报

《自然》杂志网站4月2日刊登了脑科学领域的最新成果,美国两组科研人员分别绘制出胚胎期人脑转录图谱和老鼠大脑神经连接图谱。这两项成果有助为研究人脑发育及神经回路提供参考。 去年4月,美国总统奥巴马公布人脑研究计划,旨在探索人类大脑工作机制、绘制脑活动全图以及针对目前无法治愈的大脑疾病开发新疗法。在计划推出一年之际,美国艾伦脑科学研究所的科研人员发布了两项最新研究成果。 首先是胚胎期人脑转

《自然》杂志网站4月2日刊登了脑科学领域的最新成果,美国两组科研人员分别绘制出胚胎期人脑转录图谱和老鼠大脑神经连接图谱。这两项成果有助为研究人脑发育及神经回路提供参考。

去年4月,美国总统奥巴马公布人脑研究计划,旨在探索人类大脑工作机制、绘制脑活动全图以及针对目前无法治愈的大脑疾病开发新疗法。在计划推出一年之际,美国艾伦脑科学研究所的科研人员发布了两项最新研究成果。


首先是胚胎期人脑转录图谱。人类大脑的结构和功能在很大程度上取决于胚胎时期的转录过程,即基因信息由DNA(脱氧核糖核酸)复制到RNA(核糖核酸)的过程。这一过程会启动关键的基因表达,然而脑科学界此前对处于这一过程的发育期大脑缺乏了解。

研究人员分析了4个15周~21周大的胎儿脑部发育情况,绘制出详细的人脑在子宫中发育时的转录图谱。通过这一图谱,研究人员识别出一些与神经或精神疾病有关的基因动态表达区域,这将有助了解相关疾病的发病机制。



另一组研究人员则绘制出老鼠大脑神经连接图谱,这是首个哺乳动物全脑神经连接图谱,也是迄今绘制的最全面的脊椎动物大脑图谱。这张图谱有助探明老鼠大脑中的各个区域间如何相互传递信息,进而有助了解人类大脑的神经网络及其与脑部疾病的关联。

大脑的复杂程度及发挥的作用是其他任何器官无法比拟的。理解人脑的运行机制不但有助帕金森氏症、早老性痴呆症等脑神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗,还可揭示人脑的高能效、高可靠性之谜,对人工智能研究具有重大意义。

原始出处:

Oh SW1, Harris JA1, Ng L1, Winslow B2, Cain N2, Mihalas S2, Wang Q2, Lau C2, Kuan L2, Henry AM2, Mortrud MT2, Ouellette B2, Nguyen TN2, Sorensen SA2, Slaughterbeck CR2, Wakeman W2, Li Y2, Feng D2, Ho A2, Nicholas E2, Hirokawa KE2, Bohn P2, Joines KM2, Peng H2, Hawrylycz MJ2, Phillips JW2, Hohmann JG2, Wohnoutka P2, Gerfen CR3, Koch C2, Bernard A2, Dang C2, Jones AR2, Zeng H2.A mesoscale connectome of the mouse brain.Nature. 2014 Apr 2. doi: 10.1038/nature13186.

Miller JA1, Ding SL1, Sunkin SM2, Smith KA2, Ng L2, Szafer A2, Ebbert A2, Riley ZL2, Royall JJ2, Aiona K2, Arnold JM2, Bennet C2, Bertagnolli D2, Brouner K2, Butler S2, Caldejon S2, Carey A2, Cuhaciyan C2, Dalley RA2, Dee N2, Dolbeare TA2, Facer BA2, Feng D2, Fliss TP2, Gee G2, Goldy J2, Gourley L2, Gregor BW2, Gu G2, Howard RE2, Jochim JM2, Kuan CL2, Lau C2, Lee CK2, Lee F2, Lemon TA2, Lesnar P2, McMurray B2, Mastan N2, Mosqueda N2, Naluai-Cecchini T3, Ngo NK2, Nyhus J2, Oldre A2, Olson E2, Parente J2, Parker PD2, Parry SE2, Stevens A4, Pletikos M5, Reding M2, Roll K2, Sandman D2, Sarreal M2, Shapouri S2, Shapovalova NV2, Shen EH2, Sjoquist N2, Slaughterbeck CR2, Smith M2, Sodt AJ2, Williams D2, Zöllei L6, Fischl B4, Gerstein MB7, Geschwind DH8, Glass IA3, Hawrylycz MJ2, Hevner RF9, Huang H10, Jones AR2, Knowles JA11, Levitt P12, Phillips JW2, Sestan N5, Wohnoutka P2, Dang C2, Bernard A2, Hohmann JG2, Lein ES2.Transcriptional landscape of the prenatal human brain.Nature. 2014 Apr 2. doi: 10.1038/nature13185.

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    2014-09-07 liye789132251
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