NEJM:孕早期感染Zika病毒,该如何检查小头畸形?

2016-04-01 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

近期发表在NEJM的文章称,孕期检测Zika病毒相关性出生缺陷时,MRI或许优于超声。约翰·霍普金斯大学医学院妇产科孕产妇胎儿医学部的Rita W. Driggers博士和同事发现,如果早期使用超声进行检测,并不能发现小头畸形或颅内钙化的征象。文章中的主人公为一位妊娠11周,去墨西哥瓜地马拉和伯利兹度假的孕妇。度假时孕妇被蚊子咬过,回来后出现了眼痛、肌肉痛、轻度发热和皮疹等症状。血清学分析显示孕妇

近期发表在NEJM的文章称,孕期检测Zika病毒相关性出生缺陷时,MRI或许优于超声。

约翰·霍普金斯大学医学院妇产科孕产妇胎儿医学部的Rita W. Driggers博士和同事发现,如果早期使用超声进行检测,并不能发现小头畸形或颅内钙化的征象。

文章中的主人公为一位妊娠11周,去墨西哥瓜地马拉和伯利兹度假的孕妇。度假时孕妇被蚊子咬过,回来后出现了眼痛、肌肉痛、轻度发热和皮疹等症状。血清学分析显示孕妇为急性或近期感染Zika病毒。

众所周知,孕妇感染Zika病毒意味着胎儿小头畸形的风险加大。不过这名被感染的孕妇,在妊娠13周、16周和17周均行了超声检查,却没有发现小头畸形或颅内钙化的表现,不过也有一些蛛丝马迹,胎儿的头围在减小。

妊娠20周的时候,行MRI检查提示胎儿脑部异常,包括萎缩和结构缺失。

于是妊娠21周时,孕妇终止妊娠。研究者对父母和胎儿样本进行研究。

Driggers和同事发现,孕妇感染Zika病毒后第4周和第10周时,都能检测到Zika病毒RNA,分娩后没有检测到。改名孕妇体内Zika病毒存在的时间比通常我们所认识的要长,研究者猜测,胎盘或胎儿能进行病毒的复制,导致了这一结果的出现,因为胎盘和胎儿的Zika病毒载量很高。

此外研究者认为,对感染Zika病毒的孕妇,应该进行连续的超声检查和/或胎儿头颅MRI检查,以便更早的识别胎儿出生缺陷。

“案例表明,Zika病毒感染后到胎儿小头畸形和颅内钙化,如果使用超声检查,或许会延长这一段时间。”Driggers和同事说,“而超声的假阴性结果可能会导致孕妇错过做决策的最佳时间。不过通过连续超声检查,对头围进行动态测量和观察,可以提供有用的预测信息。对软组织分辨率极佳的MRI检测胎儿头颅时,可以更准确的看出胎儿大脑的发育变化,更早期的检测到胎儿大脑的异常。”

此外研究者们还强调,孕妇出现症状后的一周内应该进行连续的Zika病毒RNA检测。

Driggers和同事总结道:“从胎儿大脑样本中提取出的Zika病毒,直接证明了病毒感染和胎儿大脑发育异常之间的联系,并且为以后的Zika病毒诱导的小头畸形的机制研究提供了工具。”

原始出处:

Driggers RW, et al. Zika Virus Infection with Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities.N Engl J Med. 2016;10.1056/NEJMoa1601824.

Early ultrasounds may not detect Zika-associated microcephaly.Healio.March 31, 2016


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    2016-04-03 wushaoling
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