Nat Rev Drug Discov:肠道—微生物组—脑连接

2014-03-21 Nature中文网 Nature中文网

在人类病人和小鼠中进行的研究表明,肠道微生物失衡会影响各种社会、情感和焦虑样行为。有趣的是,肠胃(GI)问题在孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)中很常见,后者是社交缺乏和刻板行为有关。发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究提供了证据,表明共生的肠道细菌的改变在ASD的小鼠模型中导致某些行为异常,强调了益生菌治疗在此类疾病中的潜在好处。 Hsiao等人研究了母系免疫活化(MIA)小鼠模型的后代,它们被用来调查母系感

在人类病人和小鼠中进行的研究表明,肠道微生物失衡会影响各种社会、情感和焦虑样行为。有趣的是,肠胃(GI)问题在孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)中很常见,后者是社交缺乏和刻板行为有关。发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究提供了证据,表明共生的肠道细菌的改变在ASD的小鼠模型中导致某些行为异常,强调了益生菌治疗在此类疾病中的潜在好处。

Hsiao等人研究了母系免疫活化(MIA)小鼠模型的后代,它们被用来调查母系感染与ASD之间的联系。MIA后代表现出了一些让人联想起ASD的行为和神经病理学特征,并且作者发现,在3周大时,这些小鼠也表现出了肠道通透性的增加,以及反常的肠细胞因子分布,其特征为高水平的炎症标志物白介素-6。

更进一步的试验表明,与野生型小鼠相比,MIA后代的肠道藏匿着不同的梭状芽胞杆菌和拟杆菌菌株,这是两大类共生肠道细菌,这一结果与ASD个体的研究相一致。用脆弱拟杆菌的治疗表明能够在一个试验结肠炎模型中恢复肠道通透性,因此作者在断奶6天时,每隔一天便向MIA后代喂食此类细菌,并在8周后对GI通道进行了检查。脆弱拟杆菌的治疗不但纠正了GI屏障完整性的缺陷,还恢复了细胞因子谱的变异,以及微生物组构成。

此外,这些治疗还改善了MIA后代小鼠所展现的与ASD相关的某些行为异常。例如,治疗分别造成了开放式野外勘探和大理石埋葬分析期间的焦虑样和刻板行为的减少,并增加了响应社会交往而产生的超声波发声数。然而,尽管用脆弱拟杆菌进行治疗,MIA后代保留了社交性和社会偏好的缺陷,表明治疗仅调节了塑造ASD的行为损伤背后的一些回路。

最终,在一次揭开脆弱拟杆菌通过何种机制在肠道和大脑中发挥其影响的尝试中,作者检查了MIA后代中的血清代谢物水平。在这些小鼠中,几种代谢物明显增加,并被脆弱拟杆菌恢复到正常水平。其中的一种,4-ethylphenylsulphate(4EPS)——由共生菌所产生——在未经治疗的小鼠中增加了46倍。4EPS的全身用药导致了普通小鼠的焦虑样行为,这与在MIA后代中观察到的结果相类似。其他ASD-相关行为异常则并未观察到,这意味着对这些代谢物的更进一步研究将揭示可能调节行为上的GI异常独特效应的其他分子。

尽管大多数的肠道微生物组能够影响行为的机械细节还为搞清,用基于微生物的疗法治疗与ASD(以及以行为异常为特征的其他疾病,例如精神分裂症、强迫症或安琪儿综合征)有关的行为异常的可能性有望吸引大量的关注。

原始出处

Flight MH.Neurodevelopmental disorders: The gut-microbiome-brain connection.Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 Feb;1

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    2014-06-18 liye789132251
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    2014-05-19 爆笑小医
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    2014-03-23 yankaienglish

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