JACC述评:β阻滞剂的不老神话

2014-06-11 iang 丁香园

一项随机试验达到短期主要终点后,长期次要终点往往可能被忽略。然而,随着时间的推移,短期获益无法长久持续也并非鲜见,但METOCARD-CNIC研究(急性心梗早期静脉注射美托洛尔对心脏的保护作用研究)并不在此列。本期JACC杂志中,Ibanez博士等报道了METOCARD-CNIC研究的长期结果,即STEMI患者再灌注前静脉注射美托洛尔改善长期预后。 该研究早期主要终点指标为干预1周后心梗面积,研

一项随机试验达到短期主要终点后,长期次要终点往往可能被忽略。然而,随着时间的推移,短期获益无法长久持续也并非鲜见,但METOCARD-CNIC研究(急性心梗早期静脉注射美托洛尔对心脏的保护作用研究)并不在此列。本期JACC杂志中,Ibanez博士等报道了METOCARD-CNIC研究的长期结果,即STEMI患者再灌注前静脉注射美托洛尔改善长期预后。

该研究早期主要终点指标为干预1周后心梗面积,研究结果表明达到主要终点:静脉注射美托洛尔组与对照组梗死面积分别为25.6±15.3和32.0±22.2,美托洛尔组梗死面积显著减小仅见于再灌注前梗死血管堵塞的患者,而对于冠脉造影时梗死血管已经开通的患者,美托洛尔组与对照组梗死面积无显著差别,证实再灌注之前静脉用美托洛尔有效减少再灌注损伤。

心梗6个月后,静脉注射美托洛尔组严重左室功能不全发生率显著下降,LVEF<35%患者显著少于对照组(11%vs27%)。随访2年发现美托洛尔组因充血性心衰再入院患者较对照组减少1半有余,植入ICD患者数亦是如此。充血性心衰再入院患者生存曲线也证实再灌注前静脉美托洛尔短期获益可能进一步延续至后期预后的改善。

因此,尽管该研究临床终点效能可能不足,但6个月MRI以及2年临床随访结果表明再灌注前静脉注射美托洛尔对预后影响很大而且性价比很高。

为了更好的理解METOCARD-CNIC研究的份量,以下几点值得具体评论一番。

首先,该研究纳入患者为血流动力学稳定的前壁心肌梗死患者,这就允许纳入心梗面积较大的患者而不必顾虑美托洛尔的负性肌力作用;

其次,MRI随访检查频率很高,心梗面积与左室重塑之间的联系毋庸置疑;

再次,除了20%冠造时梗死血管已经开通的患者,再灌注前静脉美托洛尔显著减少梗死面积、左室重塑和充血性心衰再入院,提示美托洛尔可能有效预防再灌注损伤;

最后,美托洛尔组任意原因死亡、恶性室性心律失常、再发心梗和心衰入院发生率均明显降低,研究结果强力支持静脉美托洛尔改善预后(美托洛尔组与对照组终点事件发生率分别为10.8%和18.3%,p=0.065)。尽管P值无统计学意义,但该研究的临床意义重大,因为增加样本量、延长随访时间或排除非心源性死亡终点或许可以使两组间差异具有统计学意义。

多年前PAMI和CADILLAC研究回顾性分析已经表明心梗再灌注前β阻滞剂治疗短期生存获益明显,但METOCARD-CNIC研究是目前首项研究介入治疗前β阻滞剂治疗的随机试验,这一点让人惊讶。

CADILLAC队列研究中,再灌注前β阻滞剂治疗与30天死亡率独立相关。至此之后,研究减少再灌注心肌损伤的药物或装置治疗成为一大热点,但是大多数以失败告终。另外,低温和高压氧灌注等复杂、昂贵的治疗也未能提供令人信服的结果。直至现在,恢复微循环灌注同时避免再灌注损伤在临床上仍是一大难题。

总而言之,METOCARD-CNIC研究结果非常令人振奋,因为再灌注前注射美托洛尔这种廉价而又易于操作的治疗措施可以获得有效的心脏保护作用。基于此,以心源性死亡和充血性心力衰竭为长期临床终点的临床试验可行性很高,或许可以就急性心梗再灌注之前能否常规使用β阻滞剂这一问题给出明确的答复。

原始出处:


David Antoniucci, MD.Block the Ischemia and Reperfusion Damage:An Old Adjunctive Drug for a New Reperfusion Strategy.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(22):2363-2364. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.015 【原文下载】


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    2014-07-06 hbwxf
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    2014-10-03 zhyy88
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