Sci Transl Med:帕金森病的源头,竟然是你的阑尾?

2018-11-02 佚名 转化医学网

帕金森病最主要的病征是震颤,就如同图中阿里一样,除此以外,还会导致肌强直与运动迟缓,更为严重的是,约有 40% 的患者还出现了诸如抑郁症、痴呆的精神问题,严重者还会因并发症而死亡。然而帕金森病的具体发病原因究竟是什么,至今也仍不清楚,年龄老化,家族遗传,环境毒物等原因都可能导致帕金森病,而最新的一篇研究,将帕金森病与阑尾联系在了一起。

 帕金森病是一种高发于老年人群的神经系统变性疾病,已故的拳王阿里就曾经受到过帕金森病的困扰,他在 1996 年奥运会上颤抖着手点燃圣火的画面一定让很多人印象深刻。帕金森病标志性的病理改变是中脑黑质多巴胺能神经元的的变性死亡,继而引起纹状体多巴胺显着性减少。确切的帕金森病发病机理至今仍不明。密歇根 Van Andel 研究中心的 Viviane Labrie 团队发表的研究结果里提出了他们关于帕金森病的新看法。

帕金森病最主要的病征是震颤,就如同图中阿里一样,除此以外,还会导致肌强直与运动迟缓,更为严重的是,约有 40% 的患者还出现了诸如抑郁症、痴呆的精神问题,严重者还会因并发症而死亡。然而帕金森病的具体发病原因究竟是什么,至今也仍不清楚,年龄老化,家族遗传,环境毒物等原因都可能导致帕金森病,而最新的一篇研究,将帕金森病与阑尾联系在了一起。



这篇研究发表于 Science Translational Medicine.由来自密歇根 Van Andel 中心的神经系统学家、基因学家 Viviane Labrie 的团队发表。

帕金森病的发病机理涉及到 α-synuclein 蛋白的积累,有学说认为:α-synuclein会通过肠道神经纤维传递到迷走神经,继而入脑而影响其他器官。因为通常在患者开始震颤或发现其他帕金森症状的很多年以前,他们就已经具有一些 α-synuclein 蛋白富集导致的肠问题(比如便秘)所以近些年来对于 α-synuclein 蛋白的研究重点就在于胃肠道。而 Viviane 团队这次的发现就就有关于肠道中最不起眼的一小段——阑尾。

阑尾是位于回肠与盲肠交界处的一根蚯蚓状突起,通常认为,阑尾仅在胎儿和青少年的发育时期起较为明显的作用。

Viviane 团队分析了一份来自于瑞典国民疾病登记处(SNPR)的数据,这份数据包括了自 1964 年以来累计接近 170 万人的医学记录,他们确认了约 55 万做过阑尾手术的人为观察组,每个观察组对象都有两个没有做过手术的人作为对照组,研究中他们发现,做过阑尾手术的人会比同样条件下没有做过的人更晚发病。



同时他们还进一步确认了环境对帕金森病的发病影响,在做过阑尾手术的人群中,乡村人群的发病率也明显低于城市人群。他们猜测这可能和城市人群常暴露在农药之下有关。

之后研究者们又分析了来自帕金森进展标志物协会(PPMI)的数据,也得到了同样的结果,从这个结果他们得出结论:在(发病前)几十年做过阑尾切除术可以确实推迟帕金森病的发作,在 30-80 这一年龄段里,做过阑尾切除的病人具有更高的生存率。



研究者们进一步分析了阑尾切除手术对具有家族帕金森病史的病人的影响,却发现对他们而言切除阑尾并没有产生太大的影响,发病的时间与几率更多决定于遗传因素。

为了进一步佐证自己的结论,随后研究者们又使用蛋白酶 K 观察阑尾中的 α-synuclein 富集情况,α-synuclein 会与蛋白酶 K 结合,他们发现这些集合物出现在阑尾的黏膜、黏膜下丛、肌肠丛和神经纤维中。

令人遗憾的是,α-synuclein 不仅富集于帕金森病人的阑尾中,在正常人的阑尾中也同样富集,从小于20 岁的年轻人到 48 岁以上的帕金森高危人群,α-synuclein 谁也不曾放过,“童叟无欺”。



也就是说,阑尾确实和 α-synuclein 蛋白有密不可分的关系,即使在没有发病的人“健康的阑尾”里,同样拥有大量 α-synuclein 蛋白。

但是,以此就能说明切除阑尾就能确实降低患上帕金森病的几率吗?

来自纽约大学 Langone Health 帕金森协会的 Andrew Feigin 博士说道,这个研究还不能确定证明阑尾切除可以降低患帕金森病的风险。

Labrie 团队也确认了这一点,他们认为仅仅是肠道中富集这种蛋白还不足以直接使患者发病,还需要一个极为重要的步骤去激活这一切。很多人的肠道中会一直有这种蛋白,却终其一生没有发病。

Labrie 和她的团队还将继续研究帕金森病,继续探究阑尾与帕金森病的确切关系。她还幽默地表示:“我们可不是推荐马上就去做阑尾手术啊!”

原始出处:Bryan A. Killinger, Zachary Madaj, Jacek W. Sikora, et al. The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Sci Transl Med  31 Oct 2018

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067389, encodeId=29ba206e389c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 03:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657090, encodeId=efcc165e090bb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 12:12:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1609284, encodeId=43c316092846f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Nov 03 16:12:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351379, encodeId=29573513e976, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Sat Nov 03 13:39:16 CST 2018, time=2018-11-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351246, encodeId=f8de35124656, content=好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30251637888, createdName=lietome15, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 09:29:46 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-02-14 bsmagic9140
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    2018-11-03 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-11-02 lietome15

    好文,值得点赞!认真学习,应用于实践!谢谢分享给广大同好!

    0

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近期的《科学转化医学》刊登了匹兹堡大学研究者的新发现——无论是否突变,LRRK2都在帕金森病发展中有关键作用,无突变的特发性帕金森患者也存在LRRK2蛋白过度激活,神经元细胞自噬功能受损,导致α-突触核蛋白的异常积累,参与帕金森疾病发展!

PNAS:重磅!帕金森有望治愈!新分子彻底杜绝神经变性!

导读:帕金森病(PD)是当今最为广泛发生的神经退行性疾病之一,发病率和患病率均随年龄的增加而升高,据推算,目前我国PD患者已经超过220万。变老不可怕,可怕的是老去的同时还要面临“生命震颤”的威胁。目前对PD的药物治疗仅限于改善症状,尚缺乏能够延缓疾病进程并具有神经保护作用的药物。近日,巴塞罗那自治大学(UAB)的研究人员发现了一种可完美针对PD的小分子!该分子—SynuClean-D能成功阻断并

Neurology:轻度帕金森病患者的驾驶能力及交通事故风险

研究认为,帕金森患者的车辆驾驶能力因疾病造成实质性下降,但在实际过程中轻度帕金森患者驾车事故率未见显著增加

NPJ Parkinson‘s Disease:又一进步!基因疗法清除帕金森致病蛋白指日可待

8月22日,《npj Parkinson's Disease》杂志以“Proteasome-targeted nanobodies alleviate pathology and functional decline in an α-synuclein-based Parkinson’s disease model”为题发表了这一研究结果。

盘点:帕金森近期重要研究一览

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)是世界上第二常见的神经退行性疾病(Neurodegenerative disease,ND)。近年来帕金森发病人数暴涨,可是我们仍然对这种疾病知之甚少。 【1】PNAS:NUS1的编码突变导致帕金森病 研究人员提出了一项以三人组为基础的研究以探讨de - novoa改变基因与汉族早期PD的关系,进而挖掘中国汉族PD患者人群新

NATURE:帕金森相关蛋白可缓解炎症

虽然帕金森病患者的血清中含有大量促炎细胞因子,包括IL-6,TNF,IL-1β和IFNγ,但炎症是神经元丢失的原因或者结果仍然是未知的。