Am J Otolaryngol:慢性鼻窦炎术后不同处方的疼痛控制效果比较

2021-11-05 AlexYang MedSci原创

比较了口服阿片类药物、口服阿片类药物和外用类固醇以及口服非阿片类药物的疼痛控制情况。

在药物治疗无效的情况下,内窥镜鼻窦手术(ESS)是治疗慢性鼻炎(CRS)的一种常见的手术方法。在美国,每年大约有25万例ESS患者,大多数患者接受阿片类药物制剂控制术后疼痛。美国鼻科学学会最近的一项调查显示,94%的医生在ESS术后会开出某种形式的麻醉性止痛药

越来越多的研究表明,只要患者使用过麻醉性止痛药,就有可能形成阿片类药物依赖。2018年,所有与阿片类药物有关的死亡中,有三分之一的比例与服用处方阿片类药物有关。研究表明,67%至92%的患者在术后疼痛缓解后有多余的阿片类药物。超过77%的患者将多余的处方药,包括麻醉剂,放在未上锁的地方。此外,只有62%的病人正确地处理了多余的阿片类药物。多余的阿片类药物是其转移或滥用的一个潜在来源,54%的滥用者会从朋友或家人那里获得麻醉药物。一些研究表明, 术后患者获得的阿片类药物比他们实际需要的要多

目前,大多数医疗机构在内窥镜鼻窦手术后会给予阿片类药物控制疼痛,而对术后非阿片类药物的止痛效果了解甚少。近期,来自美国的研究人员在《Am J Otolaryngol》上发表文章,比较了口服阿片类药物、口服阿片类药物和外用类固醇以及口服非阿片类药物的疼痛控制情况。

研究比较了180名患有慢性鼻炎的成年人在鼻窦手术后的三种用药方案。轻微疼痛患者服用对乙酰氨基酚缓解。对于中度/重度疼痛,患者使用以下三种处方:

1)羟考酮-对乙酰氨基酚;

2)羟考酮-对乙酰氨基酚+布地奈德鼻腔冲洗剂;

3)美洛昔康+对乙酰氨基酚。如果疼痛没有得到控制,患者则致电医生。研究人员使用描述性统计比较了各组情况。卡方检验比较了各组的致电情况。逻辑回归调整了协变量、合并症和手术部位的基线差异。

分组情况

结果发现,各组的年龄、性别分布、疾病特征和手术范围相似。美洛昔康组中患有疼痛疾病的人较少。羟考酮队列中患有糖尿病、行鼻中隔整形术和鼻甲骨缩小术的人较少。调整了基线差异后,以羟考酮为参照组(n=50),发现美洛昔康组(n=45)中因疼痛控制不佳而致电的几率为0.18(95%置信区间(CI):0.05-0.6),羟考酮+布地奈德冲洗剂队列(n=85)为0.19(95% CI:0.07-0.5)。

与羟考酮组相比,其他组的致电几率情况

综上所述,美洛昔康和羟考酮+布地奈德鼻腔冲洗剂在控制鼻窦手术后的疼痛方面都比单用羟考酮更有效

原始出处:

Jenna E Bergman , Roy R Casiano , Ana B Perez et al. Opiate vs non-opiate prescription medication for pain control after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Otolaryngol. Sep 2021

 

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