JNER:平衡运动辅助机器人训练对偏瘫卒中患者的影响,一项随机对照试验

2022-03-26 网络 网络

平衡可以定义为当支撑基础不断变化时,保持和恢复重心线的能力。平衡控制涉及不同的基础系统,包括预期姿势调整、姿势反应、感觉定向和步态平衡。平衡问题经常出现在中风患者身上,与活动能力和跌倒风险增加密切相关

平衡可以定义为当支撑基础不断变化时,保持和恢复重心线的能力。平衡控制涉及不同的基础系统,包括预期姿势调整、姿势反应、感觉定向和步态平衡。平衡问题经常出现在中风患者身上,与活动能力和跌倒风险增加密切相关。在中风患者的各种类型的平衡康复中,机器人技术作为一种潜在的更有效的干预手段而受到关注。重要的是,中风患者重复特定任务的活动可以有效地提高功能能力。在这种情况下,机器人被认为具有巨大的潜力,因为它们在促进重复性任务方面的优势。作为机器人干预的一种形式,机器人辅助步态训练已经广为人知,并被报道能提高行走能力和平衡。考虑到任务的特殊性,使用专门从事平衡训练的机器人是可取的;然而,很少有研究评估机器人辅助训练的有效性,特别是在平衡方面。值得注意的是,平衡运动辅助机器人(BEAR)专门用于平衡训练。BEAR是一种与视频游戏集成的站立机器人,它使用从传感设备获得的速度和身体梯度等信息来调整训练状态,并被分类为表面型、移动型或平台型机器人。使用BEAR治疗中枢神经系统疾病患者老年虚弱患者的研究报告了训练后动态平衡能力和下肢肌力的改善。然而,据我们所知,与传统平衡训练相比,负重训练对脑卒中患者的有效性尚未被研究。

据报道,平衡训练,包括伸展运动和重量转移,根据身体运动的变化调整运动反应,以及加强下肢肌肉力量,是改善中风患者平衡的一种重要运动疗法。然而,重要的是,尚不清楚额外的平衡训练与常规康复计划相结合是否能补充中风患者的平衡功能。尽管最近的一项荟萃分析(包括具有同质临床结果的研究)发现额外的平衡训练对中风患者的平衡功能有积极影响,但结果不一,无法证实额外的平衡训练的有效性。例如,虽然几项随机对照试验发现额外的平衡训练对平衡功能没有影响,但其他随机对照试验报告了额外训练对中风患者平衡功能的积极影响。此外,还没有研究检验过使用以平衡为中心的机器人对平衡功能进行额外平衡训练的有效性。目的是确定在偏瘫脑卒中患者中,BEAR训练与常规住院康复训练相结合对平衡的影响,与常规住院康复训练的效果相比较。此外,旨在确定熊训练是否优于剂量匹配的监督强化平衡训练本文发表在《J NeuroEngineering Rehabil》.

评估者盲法随机对照试验包括60名首次偏瘫中风患者,他们于2016年12月至2019年2月期间入住康复病房。患者被随机分为三组:机器人平衡训练和常规住院康复(BEAR组)、强化平衡训练和常规住院康复(IBT组)或仅常规住院康复(CR组)。干预持续时间为2周,在干预前后以及2周随访时进行评估。主要结果指标是迷你平衡评估系统测试(Mini-BESTest)得分与基线相比的变化。对于所有三组患者,常规住院康复计划,包括60分钟的物理治疗、60分钟的职业治疗和语言治疗(如有必要),每天最多180分钟。此外,在干预期间,BEAR组和IBT组的患者每周进行六次额外的18分钟训练。BEAR是一个集成了电子游戏的站立机器人,是一个专门用于平衡训练的系统,由一个机器人、一个监视器和一个安全悬挂装置组成(图1A)。参与者登上熊,完成以下三项平衡任务18分钟。

                   BEAR康复机器人

连续筛查了725名患者。60名符合纳入标准的患者被随机分配到三组中的一组(每组20名患者)。57名患者完成了干预,48名患者在随访时接受了评估。对57名完成干预的患者的数据进行了分析。干预后,BEAR组、IBT组和CR组的平均(SD)评分与基线检查时的变化分别为3.5(2.1)、3.4(2.5)和1.2(2.4);随访时这些值分别为5.4(2.8)、5.2(3.1)和1.9(2.5)。在干预和随访后,BEAR和IBT组的得分变化显著大于CR组。BEAR组和IBT组之间没有发现显著差异。BEAR组有一名患者跌倒,IBT组有三名患者跌倒四次,CR组有两名患者跌倒三次。所有的跌倒都发生在训练课程之外。两组之间跌倒次数无显著差异(P = 0.456)。在整个研究过程中,未观察到直接由干预引起的不良事件。在BEAR组,一名患者癫痫发作,一名患者在训练课程之外感染了疥疮。

研究流程

在CR组中观察到显著的平衡改善,这表明仅通过常规康复就能产生明显的充分训练效果。然而,与CR组相比,BEAR组和IBT组的患者在进行额外的平衡训练后,表现出明显的平衡改善。重复特定任务的培训对于提高特定功能非常重要。我们的研究结果支持了这一点,因为与CR组相比,干预组只有Mini Best和Timed Up and Go测试的表现有所改善,而肌力和日常生活活动则没有改善。Mini BESTest分别评估这些组成部分的动态平衡。值得注意的是,只有熊组在反应性姿势控制方面表现出显著改善。IBT组和Bear组任务之间的区别在于,两组都包括预期姿势控制任务,而熊组包括反应性姿势平衡。

干预后的问卷调查结果

总之,在常规住院康复的同时,使用BEAR进行平衡训练,可以改善亚急性中风患者的平衡。

Inoue, S., Otaka, Y., Kumagai, M. et al. Effects of Balance Exercise Assist Robot training for patients with hemiparetic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 19, 12 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-022-00989-6

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    2022-12-03 amyloid
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    2022-03-27 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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    2022-03-25 xue8602
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