重视降钙素原检测溯源性,指导脓毒症临床决策

2017-11-08 毕雪立 医师报

“为保证检验结果与临床解读的准确性、最大化实现降钙素原(PCT)检测临床应用价值,PCT检测方法的标准化与溯源性至关重要。”近日,在2017全国检验医学大会上,第三军医大学大坪医院检验科主任陈鸣教授就PCT检测方法的标准化和溯源性问题进行了深入解读。陈鸣教授指出,目前国内的PCT检测水平仍旧良莠不齐,真正实现标准化任重道远。”

“为保证检验结果与临床解读的准确性、最大化实现降钙素原(PCT)检测临床应用价值,PCT检测方法的标准化与溯源性至关重要。”近日,在2017全国检验医学大会上,第三军医大学大坪医院检验科主任陈鸣教授就PCT检测方法的标准化和溯源性问题进行了深入解读。陈鸣教授指出,目前国内的PCT检测水平仍旧良莠不齐,真正实现标准化任重道远。”

追本溯源?确保PCT检测结果准确可靠

“溯源性”是指通过一条具有规定不确定度的不间断的比较链,使常规检测结果的值具有能够与规定的国际或国家参考标准联系起来的特性。根据ISO17511导则对溯源链上端的分类,理想的溯源性是测量结果可以追溯至国际单位制(SI);若不能追溯至SI,则要看是否有可用的国际约定的参考测量程序或国际约定校准物质,当这两个指标都不能满足时,需要由制造商自行建立“自用”检测程序和标准品,为产品校准品定值。

陈鸣教授指出,由于PCT没有SI可追溯且缺乏国际公认的参考测量程序或参考物质,为确保PCT检测结果的持续可靠,德国BRAHMS建立了PCT溯源链,具有特有的主校准品和溯源校准传递做法。BRAHMS PCT的校准方法是ISO17511导则在体外诊断产品实现溯源性的具体体现,确保患者样品检测结果在使用BRAHMS PCT产品系列中得到一致性。陈鸣教授强调:“需要指出的是,测量相同量的两个测量程序的测量结果可能具有很好的相关性,但这样相关性并不提供计量可追溯性,更不等同于准确性。”

目前,临床广泛应用于诊断脓毒症的PCT截断值为0.05 ng/ml。当PCT水平达到0.5 ng/ml时,如果排除其它可能导致PCT升高的原因,则说明全身性细菌感染性和脓毒症的可能性高,需要密切随访;当PCT水平达到2 ng/ml时,基本都为严重脓毒症;当PCT水平达到10 ng/ml时,几乎均为感染性休克。陈鸣教授指出:“该PCT截断值是基于溯源至BRAHMS PCT LIA的PCT检测方法,不能溯源至该标准的PCT检测方法不适宜使用该诊断标准。PCT产品如果不经过其具体、大量的临床试验,就无法得到可靠的截断值。目前,SCI收录的PCT相关文献以及国际指南对PCT相关推荐引用的文献,均是基于溯源至BRAHMS PCT LIA的PCT检测方法。”

脓毒症临床决策:

电化学发光法溯源性佳 优势明显

目前,可溯源至BRAHMS PCT的检测方法主要包括:电化学发光法、酶联免疫荧光法和胶体金比色法。根据2017年卫计委室间质评结果,这三种PCT检测方法的结果一致性极佳,而不具有溯源性的PCT检测方法和产品得到的检测结果一致性较差,容易误导脓毒症诊断。三种检测方法中,电化学发光法是全自动定量检测,相较另外两种检测方法检测时间更短、自动化程度更高、通量更大,便于检验科使用。

中国医药教育协会感染疾病专业委员会于2017年发布的《感染相关生物标志物临床意义解读专家共识》指出,罗氏诊断Elecsys? BRAHMS PCT检测是国外最常见的PCT检测之一,其电化学发光法技术,经过大量临床验证,可兼顾全自动、全定量、溯源性等性能优势,仅需18μl样本量就可在18 min内实现0.02~100 ng/ml的检测范围。同时,其拥有优秀的批内和批间精密度,适用于所有罗氏诊断免疫分析平台,实现高度一致性的检测结果。

一项针对电化学发光法与免疫层析(POCT)方法测定PCT结果的可重复性和室内精密度验证及比对研究显示,基于电化学发光法的罗氏诊断Elecsys? BRAHMS PCT检测的所有结果变异系数(CV)值均<10%,且标准差(SD)检测值小于厂家声明值,而POCT法测得的结果CV值均高达30%~60%以上,SD值均大于厂家声明值。 同时,根据2017年国家卫计委室间质评数据,Elecsys? BRAHMS PCT在重要的临床决策浓度具有良好的重复性,且与其他具有溯源性的PCT品牌具有良好的一致性。

陈鸣教授表示:“尽管POCT法检测PCT具有快速、便携、操作简单等优势,但由于其在应用时缺乏完善的质量管理体系,且产品质量和技术要求也不统一,因此检测结果容易出现室内精密度变异系数偏大,在医学决定浓度的精密度不为临床诊疗所接受,无法正确指导临床决策。”

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    2017-11-08 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习.继续关注

    0

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    2017-11-08 杨利洪

    学习了提高了

    0

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应用降钙素原指导用抗生素治疗急性呼吸道感染患者,可减少抗生素用量及副反应事件,并提高患者存活率。广泛推广降钙素原在急性呼吸道感染患者治疗过程中的应用指南,很有可能提高抗生素管理,对临床预后以及当前日益严峻的抗生素耐药的威胁有积极作用。

Gastroenterol Res Pract:降钙素原能指导腹膜炎术后的抗生素治疗吗?

对于呼吸道感染的患者来说,血清降钙素原是指导抗生素治疗持续时间的有效生化学标志物。本研究的目的是确定PCT水平是否能为腹膜炎患者术后抗生素治疗提供指导。

Emerg Med J:血清降钙素原对劳力性热射病死亡率的预测

本研究的目的是测试入院时的降钙素原水平是否可以预测死亡率,是否可以成为劳力性热射病合并感染的诊断指标。

Intens Care Med:降钙素原可以作为重症患者中暑的标志物吗?

本研究目的为探讨非劳力性中暑患者血清降钙素原(PCT)水平的变化情况。

J Surg Res:降钙素原联合白细胞预测心脏手术患者感染风险

术后并发脓毒症可极大程度增加术后患者死亡率、住院时间、医疗费用。心脏手术后的早期临床症状与全身炎症反应综合征通常会发生重叠,这种反应在心脏手术体外循环后通常都会发生。联合数种生物标志物预测术后感染已经被之前的试验证实,本研究的目的是检测C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞(WBC)和降钙素原(PCT)是否能够预测心脏手术后的感染。