手脚莫名的“鼓包”,并不是关节炎,困扰了他8年,基因检测解开了谜底

2024-10-20 梅斯罕见新前沿 MedSci原创 发表于上海

小宇反复发热关节肿痛被误诊,后确诊为 Blau 综合征。介绍其基因突变、三联征、诊断及治疗。

小宇(化名)1岁开始出现反复发热,并陆续在双手臂、双膝、双踝部位出现“鼓包”,伴有全身肤色粟粒样皮疹,当地医院诊断“幼年特发性关节炎,经过激素、洛索洛芬、抗感染等治疗后,症状好转,但是停药后症状反复。

5岁那年,小宇的视力开始下降,当地医院诊断为葡萄膜炎,对症治疗半年后病情平稳,于是停药,却出现了全身多关节(双肘、双腕、双踝、双膝等)肿痛伴活动受限,双手背又 “鼓包”了,甚至出现了关节畸形。

9岁那年,他来到了上海某三甲医院儿童风湿免疫专科门诊,医生仔细研究了小宇的病例,怀疑他有可能不是幼年特发性关节炎。眼科检查提示虹膜黏连、陈旧性前葡萄膜炎,在一系列的评估及检查后,小宇所患的可能是一种“罕见的关节炎”——Blau综合征!建议进行基因检测明确诊断。最终,通过基因检测提示NOD2基因变异,被确诊为Blau综合征。经过治疗,小宇的关节炎症和葡萄膜炎得到有效控制。

5岁前

Blau综合征(Blau syndrom,BS)又称儿童肉芽肿性关节炎,是儿童时期发病的一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,属于常染色体显性遗传病,该病多发生在5岁前发病。

基因突变

Blau综合征是一种单基因遗传病,属于常染色体显性遗传疾病,由半胱天冬酶募集结构域基因NOD2突变所致。Blau综合征罕见,目前尚缺乏发病率研究。

三联征

Blau综合征多在儿童期起病,以5岁前多见,典型临床表现为肉芽肿性关节炎、皮疹及虹膜睫状体炎三联征,三联征常常不同时出现,甚至不同症状之间可跨越几年。

除典型三联征外也可出现不同程度的发热、肝脾淋巴结肿大、中枢神经系统、肾脏受累、动脉炎等临床表现。

1、皮疹:皮疹可在生后1岁以内出现,通常是Blau综合征的首发表现,皮疹形态多样,无典型的特征性表现,多为5~7mm不等的圆形皮疹,淡粉红色、棕褐色或红色斑疹,多位于躯干,逐渐进展累及至颜面部及四肢;也可以表现为皮下结节、鱼鳞样病变或其他,有时非常轻微,或随病情进展皮疹可逐渐消退,容易被忽略;皮肤活检病理提示特异性肉芽肿(非干酪样肉芽肿)样病变。

图片

2、关节炎:是Blau综合征最常见的临床表现,多在生后2~4岁出现,表现为对称性多关节炎,大小关节均可受累,常见为腕关节、踝关节、膝关节及近端指间关节受累,主要表现为滑膜炎、腱鞘炎,滑膜明显增生;急性期关节受累常为增生性改变,表现为特征性“囊样”增生改变。关节炎病程多长短不一,随时间进展可能出现关节活动受限以及关节挛缩等。

图片

3、葡萄膜炎:多数的Blau综合征可出现眼部受累,多为双侧,且反复发作。肉芽肿性虹膜睫状体炎及后葡萄膜炎可进展为严重的全葡萄膜炎;眼部受累患者常并发白内障。

图片

诊断

Blau综合征的诊断主要依据典型的临床三联征,家族遗传史、皮肤或关节滑膜病理活检有助于明确诊断。NOD2基因突变可确诊本病。

治疗

目前尚无确切统一的治疗方法。口服糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂(甲氨蝶呤、环孢素A沙利度胺、硫唑嘌呤)治疗效果不一,TNF抑制剂、IL-1抑制剂、IL-6抑制剂等有一定疗效。

参考资料:

1. Caso F, Galozzi P, Costa L, et al.Autoinflammatory granulomatous diseases:

from Blau syndrome and early-onset sarcoidosis to NOD2-mediated disease and Crohn's disease[J].RMD Open,2015,1(1):e000097.

2. Ellis JC, Faber BG, Uri IF, et al.Early onset sarcoidosis (Blau syndrome): erosive and often misdiagnosed[J].Rheumatology (Oxford), 2020,59(5):1179-1180.

3. Matsuda T, Kambe N, Takimoto-Ito R, Ueki Y, Nakamizo S, Saito MK, Takei S, Kanazawa N. Potential Benefits of TNF Targeting Therapy in Blau Syndrome, a NOD2-Associated Systemic Autoinflammatory Granulomatosis. Front Immunol. 2022 May 27;13:895765

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    2024-10-21 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    Blau综合征的诊断主要依据典型的临床三联征,家族遗传史、皮肤或关节滑膜病理活检有助于明确诊断。NOD2基因突变可确诊本病。

    0

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    2024-10-21 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    多数的Blau综合征可出现眼部受累,多为双侧,且反复发作。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2231986, encodeId=3049223198602, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11dc12036400' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Blau综合征#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=eaf4120365dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NOD2基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=120364, encryptionId=11dc12036400, topicName=Blau综合征), TopicDto(id=120365, encryptionId=eaf4120365dc, topicName=NOD2基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Sun Oct 20 22:47:00 CST 2024, time=2024-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232064, encodeId=24ae22320641e, content=Blau综合征的诊断主要依据典型的临床三联征,家族遗传史、皮肤或关节滑膜病理活检有助于明确诊断。NOD2基因突变可确诊本病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=11, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:41 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232063, encodeId=b9bb223206349, content=多数的Blau综合征可出现眼部受累,多为双侧,且反复发作。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:28 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232062, encodeId=984d22320625e, content=Blau综合征多在儿童期起病,以5岁前多见,典型临床表现为肉芽肿性关节炎、皮疹及虹膜睫状体炎三联征,三联征常常不同时出现,甚至不同症状之间可跨越几年。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=10, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:03 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232061, encodeId=b3ea22320615b, content=Blau综合征是一种单基因遗传病,属于常染色体显性遗传疾病,由半胱天冬酶募集结构域基因NOD2突变所致。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:49 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232060, encodeId=f012223206017, content=Blau综合征(Blau syndrom,BS)又称儿童肉芽肿性关节炎,是儿童时期发病的一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,属于常染色体显性遗传病,该病多发生在5岁前发病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:34 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2024-10-21 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    Blau综合征多在儿童期起病,以5岁前多见,典型临床表现为肉芽肿性关节炎、皮疹及虹膜睫状体炎三联征,三联征常常不同时出现,甚至不同症状之间可跨越几年。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2231986, encodeId=3049223198602, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11dc12036400' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Blau综合征#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=eaf4120365dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NOD2基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=120364, encryptionId=11dc12036400, topicName=Blau综合征), TopicDto(id=120365, encryptionId=eaf4120365dc, topicName=NOD2基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Sun Oct 20 22:47:00 CST 2024, time=2024-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232064, encodeId=24ae22320641e, content=Blau综合征的诊断主要依据典型的临床三联征,家族遗传史、皮肤或关节滑膜病理活检有助于明确诊断。NOD2基因突变可确诊本病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=11, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:41 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232063, encodeId=b9bb223206349, content=多数的Blau综合征可出现眼部受累,多为双侧,且反复发作。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:28 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232062, encodeId=984d22320625e, content=Blau综合征多在儿童期起病,以5岁前多见,典型临床表现为肉芽肿性关节炎、皮疹及虹膜睫状体炎三联征,三联征常常不同时出现,甚至不同症状之间可跨越几年。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=10, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:03 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232061, encodeId=b3ea22320615b, content=Blau综合征是一种单基因遗传病,属于常染色体显性遗传疾病,由半胱天冬酶募集结构域基因NOD2突变所致。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:49 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232060, encodeId=f012223206017, content=Blau综合征(Blau syndrom,BS)又称儿童肉芽肿性关节炎,是儿童时期发病的一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,属于常染色体显性遗传病,该病多发生在5岁前发病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:34 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2024-10-21 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    Blau综合征是一种单基因遗传病,属于常染色体显性遗传疾病,由半胱天冬酶募集结构域基因NOD2突变所致。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2231986, encodeId=3049223198602, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=11dc12036400' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Blau综合征#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=eaf4120365dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NOD2基因#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=120364, encryptionId=11dc12036400, topicName=Blau综合征), TopicDto(id=120365, encryptionId=eaf4120365dc, topicName=NOD2基因)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Sun Oct 20 22:47:00 CST 2024, time=2024-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232064, encodeId=24ae22320641e, content=Blau综合征的诊断主要依据典型的临床三联征,家族遗传史、皮肤或关节滑膜病理活检有助于明确诊断。NOD2基因突变可确诊本病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=11, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:41 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232063, encodeId=b9bb223206349, content=多数的Blau综合征可出现眼部受累,多为双侧,且反复发作。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:28 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232062, encodeId=984d22320625e, content=Blau综合征多在儿童期起病,以5岁前多见,典型临床表现为肉芽肿性关节炎、皮疹及虹膜睫状体炎三联征,三联征常常不同时出现,甚至不同症状之间可跨越几年。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=10, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:57:03 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232061, encodeId=b3ea22320615b, content=Blau综合征是一种单基因遗传病,属于常染色体显性遗传疾病,由半胱天冬酶募集结构域基因NOD2突变所致。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=12, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:49 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2232060, encodeId=f012223206017, content=Blau综合征(Blau syndrom,BS)又称儿童肉芽肿性关节炎,是儿童时期发病的一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,属于常染色体显性遗传病,该病多发生在5岁前发病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=15, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=db489112955, createdName=ms5000000707039972, createdTime=Mon Oct 21 08:56:34 CST 2024, time=2024-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=山东省)]
    2024-10-21 ms5000000707039972 来自山东省

    Blau综合征(Blau syndrom,BS)又称儿童肉芽肿性关节炎,是儿童时期发病的一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,属于常染色体显性遗传病,该病多发生在5岁前发病。

    0