Nat Cell Biol:突破!科学家有望利用干细胞来开发出根治糖尿病的新型疗法

2017-11-09 佚名 细胞

杂志Nature Cell Biology上的研究报告中,来自哥本哈根大学的研究人员通过进行一项新型的干细胞研究,阐明了如何有效增加糖尿病患者机体中胰岛素的产生,这项研究发现或能帮助研究者更加有效地以低成本通过人类干细胞来制造产生胰岛素的β细胞,同时也能开发出治疗糖尿病的有效疗法,对于开发治疗其它疾病的新型疗法也具有重要的意义。

杂志Nature Cell Biology上的研究报告中,来自哥本哈根大学的研究人员通过进行一项新型的干细胞研究,阐明了如何有效增加糖尿病患者机体中胰岛素的产生,这项研究发现或能帮助研究者更加有效地以低成本通过人类干细胞来制造产生胰岛素的β细胞,同时也能开发出治疗糖尿病的有效疗法,对于开发治疗其它疾病的新型疗法也具有重要的意义

目前全球有4.15亿糖尿病患者,而且这一数字仍在继续上升中,糖尿病患者的共同点就是机体中缺乏制造足够胰岛素的能力,进而诱发患者出现一系列并发症和致死性疾病等;胰岛素能够调节机体的血糖水平。文章中,研究者阐明了如何利用人类干细胞来制造产生胰岛素的β细胞,未来或有望移植到糖尿病患者中发挥作用。

研究者Henrik Semb教授说道,通过鉴别出关键信号,来指导小鼠机体祖细胞转化成为能制造产生胰岛素的β细胞,我们就能够将相应的方法应用于人类干细胞中,使其更加强劲地制造β细胞。此前研究人员想通过研究阐明机体如何产生复杂的管道系统来运输机体器官中的体液和气体。

研究人员想通过研究理解指导机体祖细胞进入不同命运终点的机制,然而让他们惊讶的是,这种机制实际上非常简单,其主要受到了祖细胞的极性的控制。研究者Pia Nyeng表示,表皮生长因子通路(EGF)能够通过极性的改变来控制管道和β细胞的形成,而且胰腺祖细胞转化成为β细胞还依赖于管道的方向,当然了,这是一项非常神奇和简单的机制,通过影响祖细胞所谓的极性,我们就可以控制这些细胞向β细胞的转化。

目前这项研究主要基于在小鼠中进行实验,但研究人员决定继续深入研究来检测是否在人类细胞中也存在相同的机制。研究者Henrik Semb表示,相同的细胞成熟机制或能应用与人类细胞的发育中,如今我们就能够利用这种知识来更加有效地在实验室中把人类干细胞转化成为β细胞,我们也希望能够利用这些新生的β细胞来替代糖尿病患者机体中失去的细胞。

最后,研究者表示,细胞极性的调节或许是许多其它人类细胞类型发生发育的关键,比如神经细胞等,本文研究或为后期研究人员开发新型干细胞靶向疗法来治疗其它多种疾病提供了新的思路和线索。

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    2017-12-20 sunylz
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    2018-02-01 维他命
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    2018-07-30 一叶知秋
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    2017-11-11 jeanqiuqiu

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受到不育治疗,遗传资源保护和转基因发展的推动,生殖细胞系替代技术得到了迅速的发展。

改变水分含量可调控干细胞类型

此前已有研究人员提出,细胞硬度可能会影响干细胞的命运。近日,在一项新的研究中,来自哈佛大学和西安交通大学等机构的研究人员仅通过改变小鼠干细胞中的水分含量,就改变了这些干细胞的命运。在该研究中,他们发现移除小鼠间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)中的水分,会使其变得更硬,从而让它们变成骨组织,而当往这些间充质干细胞中添加水分,则会令它们变得更柔软,进而变成脂肪组织。研究