cell:低温生活能减肥!根源在于肠道微生物

2016-01-07 佚名 不详

(图片摘自sciencemag.com) 如果仅仅调低身体的恒温状态几个星期就能够起到减肥的效果,听起来是不是很棒?研究者们最近发现这确实是一个可行的办法,起码在小鼠身上可以产生短期的效果。究其原因,也许是它们肠道内的细菌在作怪。来自明尼苏达大学的肠胃病学家Alexander Khoruts称这项研究发现了新的微生物群落对宿主生理特征的影响。这样的研究也许最终会帮助我们找到微生物分泌的关键

(图片摘自sciencemag.com)

如果仅仅调低身体的恒温状态几个星期就能够起到减肥的效果,听起来是不是很棒?研究者们最近发现这确实是一个可行的办法,起码在小鼠身上可以产生短期的效果。究其原因,也许是它们肠道内的细菌在作怪。

来自明尼苏达大学的肠胃病学家Alexander Khoruts称这项研究发现了新的微生物群落对宿主生理特征的影响。这样的研究也许最终会帮助我们找到微生物分泌的关键物质,从而帮助控制人们的体重。
 
肠道微生物是指寄生在宿主肠道内的细菌以及其他生命体。一系列研究已经表明肠道微生物参与了机体的多项生理活动,影响范围很大。为了进一步的了解,来自瑞士的 Geneva 大学的生理学家 Mirko Trajkovski 等人针对肠道微生物与代谢的关系进行了深入的研究。之前的研究告诉他们一旦肠道中某些微生物缺失后,机体在低温的环境中将不再能够保持体温。他因此认为肠道微生物与机体温度控制以及体重之间可能存在某些联系。
 
为了弄清楚这一问题,他们首先分析了实验用小鼠肠道内寄生的微生物的种类。这些小鼠最适宜的生活温度是21度,将温度降低至6-11度,为期一个月(即将其放置在与野生鼠相似的生活环境中)。实验过程中研究者们不断测量小鼠的体温,采样了它们的粪便,并检测了其它一些代谢指标,比如胰岛素的摄取以及脂肪堆积的种类。
 
一般情况下,小鼠在体温恒定时体重随着年龄的变大而增加。试验中,低温的处理能够瞬间地降低体温,因此小鼠不得不燃烧脂肪提供能量。同时血糖含量也会降低,小鼠对胰岛素的敏感程度增加。另外,它们肠道内微生物的种类也会发生明显变化。一类叫做Akkermansia muciniphila的细菌(通常与肥胖症与糖尿病关系密切)消失不见。一旦这种情况发生,小鼠将不再能够熟练地消化食物产生能量。作者的相关研究结果发表在最近一期的《cell》杂志上。
 
然而,在处理一周之后,体重减轻的趋势开始停止,肠道摄取能量的能力又开始恢复。解剖检测结果显示,小鼠肠道表面积增加,从而消化食物的效率也相应提高。
 
为了研究是否微生物种类的改变产生了这些生理变化。研究者们将低温生活的小鼠体内的微生物取出并转移至无菌正常处理的小鼠肠道内。结果显示,这些小鼠产生了与之前类似的体重减轻的现象。另外,作者将此前消失的Akkermansia muciniphila移植入小鼠肠道后,发现小鼠的体重不再减轻。
 
这项研究说明像A. muciniphila这样的细菌可能未来将会起到控制体重的效果。
 
原始出处:

Chevalier C, Stojanović O, Colin DJ, Suarez-Zamorano N, Tarallo V, Veyrat-Durebex C, Rigo D, Fabbiano S, Stevanović A, Hagemann S, Montet X, Seimbille Y, Zamboni N, Hapfelmeier S, Trajkovski M.Gut Microbiota Orchestrates Energy Homeostasis during Cold. Cell. 2015 Dec 3;163(6):1360-74. 
 

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    2017-05-20 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢作者分享!

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    2016-02-12 维他命
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    2016-01-26 I come

    期待

    0

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