乳腺癌新辅助化疗评估终点(pCR/RCB)的合理应用

2014-10-04 MedSci MedSci原创

乳腺癌新辅助化疗是乳腺癌的术前化疗,为非解救性化疗,其适应证为:   ①使不可手术的乳腺癌变为可手术乳腺癌;   ②使不可保乳的乳腺癌转为可保乳;   ③获得体内的药物敏感性信息;   ④评价药物临床试验的终点指标,加速新型药物的研发和审批。施行新辅助化疗,是为预期手术还是争取病理性完全缓解(pathologic

乳腺癌新辅助化疗是乳腺癌的术前化疗,为非解救性化疗,其适应证为:
   ①使不可手术的乳腺癌变为可手术乳腺癌;
   ②使不可保乳的乳腺癌转为可保乳;
   ③获得体内的药物敏感性信息;
   ④评价药物临床试验的终点指标,加速新型药物的研发和审批。

施行新辅助化疗,是为预期手术还是争取病理性完全缓解(pathologic complete response,pCR),目的要明确;患者选择要合适,尽量纳入HER2+或三阴性等高侵袭性乳腺癌,对于低级别的ER+乳腺癌要慎重选择;对疗效也要理性对待,期望pCR但不排斥残余肿瘤负荷(residual cancer burden,RCB)指数,不可一叶障目;即使有肿瘤残余,也要重视其预后预测价值。2013年Masuda H等研究中,将三阴性乳腺癌分为7种不同的分子亚型,结果发现,BL1亚型有最高的pCR率,达到52%,而BL2和luminal androgen receptor亚型最低,分别为0%和10%。而且不同亚型对pCR状态有显著性影响,而且与传统的PAM50内源性亚型(基质样和非基质样),对预后预测效果要更好。而还有一些作者,如Brown J从另外角度入手,将基质一些关键性分子标志物的表达进行打分,称为AQUA 得分,如CD3,CD8,CD20等,结果发现CD20 AQUA 条件分对预测pCR极有价值 (p = 0.019, OR: 5.37[1.32-21.8]) 。但这个研究样本还很小,需要进一步验证。

需要注意的是, 尽管pCR预测临床远期获益已经被不同研究所证实,但这种关联性还仅仅停留在个体水平,即获得pCR 的人群。基于研究水平,不同治疗组获得pCR率的高低尚不能作为EFS或OS的替代终点指标,即并非pCR率越高就对应于整个治疗人群远期生存的提高。另外,患者是否达到pCR,以及如果没有达到pCR,是否要再增加药物治疗,也存在争议。一项最新的试验GBG 44 - GeparQuinto显示,在患者给予EC-T化疗方案后,没有达到pCR后,加或不加贝伐单抗或爱维莫司(everolimus ),最终结果是相似的。这一结果与刚刚发表的另一项network meta结果有些不同,这个结果认为在HER2阳性的乳腺癌CT化疗方案中加用曲妥珠单抗,在新辅助化疗中是获益的。

在未来的研究中,需要采用更同质化的人群、更优的临床设计,这样的研究结果才能更好地明确新辅助化疗疗效(pCR/RCB)与远期生存之间的内在关联性,从而指导个体化的后续治疗。但是,还有待更多,更高等级临床研究证据的积累。

原始出处:
Masuda H, Baggerly KA, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Meric-Bernstam F, Valero V, Lehmann BD, Pietenpol JA, Hortobagyi GN, Symmans WF, Ueno NT.Differential response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy among 7 triple-negative breast cancer molecular subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Oct 1;19(19):5533-40

von Minckwitz G, Loibl S, Untch M, Eidtmann H, Rezai M, Fasching PA, Tesch H, Eggemann H, Schrader I, Kittel K, Hanusch C, Huober J, Solbach C, Jackisch C, Kunz G, Blohmer JU, Hauschild M, Fehm T, Nekljudova V, Gerber B; for the GBG/AGO-B study groups.Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab or everolimus for HER2-negative primary breast cancer (GBG 44 - GeparQuinto). Ann Oncol. 2014 Sep 15. pii: mdu455.

Nagayama A, Hayashida T, Jinno H, Takahashi M, Seki T, Matsumoto A, Murata T, Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T, Okabayashi K, Kitagawa Y.Comparative effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer: a network meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014 Sep 15;106(9). pii: dju203. doi: 10.1093/jnci/dju203.

Brown J, Wimberly H, Lannin DR, Nixon C, Rimm DL, Bossuyt V.Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of CD3, CD8, and CD20 Predicts Response to NeoadjuvantChemotherapy in Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 25. pii: clincanres.1622.2014. 

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    2014-11-09 yilong5287542
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    2014-10-06 Tommy1950

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