Neurol Clin Pract:自发性低颅压经过治疗后发生反跳性高压性头痛

2019-05-31 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

自发性低颅压(Spontaneous intracranial hypotension,SIH)是一种重要、可治疗以及日益受到认识的头痛病因。尽管头痛的类型和症状复杂,SIH 最经典的症状为体位性头痛。

自发性低颅压(Spontaneous intracranial hypotension,SIH)是一种重要、可治疗以及日益受到认识的头痛病因。尽管头痛的类型和症状复杂,SIH 最经典的症状为体位性头痛。经过治疗,一些患者的体位性头痛会发生逆转,甚至一些患者直立位时头痛改善,卧位时头痛加重。此时会诊断为反跳性高压性头痛,服用乙酰唑胺有效。从1990s,人们开始认知到 SIH 经过治疗后会出现反跳性颅高压,但是人们对 SIH 治疗的这种并发症并未完全理解。反跳性高压性头痛的发生率仍不清楚,文献报道介于0%-20%。

在自发性高颅压(idiopathic intracranial hypertension,IIH)的患者中,MRV 能够发现脑静脉窦的明显异常,横窦狭窄最常见。IIH 与 SIH 治疗后的反跳性高颅压存在很多相似的地方。为此,2019年4月来自美国的Wouter I. Schievink等在 Neurology 上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于探讨评价 SIH 治疗患者的脑静脉窦狭窄以及自发性颅高压的危险因素。

该研究连续纳入了经过治疗的 SIH 患者。反跳性高压性头痛定义为反向体位性头痛(reverse orthostatic headache),服用乙酰唑胺有效。所有患者皆进行了 MRV 检查,按照 Higgins 等发表的标准定义横窦狭窄程度,0分为正常,4分为双侧明显信号充盈缺损(bilateral signal gaps)。

该组男性患者46例,女性67例,SIH 发作时平均年龄45.9岁。31例(27.4%)诊断为反跳性高压性头痛;14% MRV 0分,24% 1分,46% 2分或3分(P = 0.0092)。而且,与未发生反跳性高压性头痛的82例 SIH 患者相比,发生反跳性高压性头痛的患者更加年轻,更常见于女性,在脊椎影像上更常见到硬膜外脑脊液积液(extradural CSF collection)。

最终作者认为对于经过治疗的 SIH 患者,大约四分之一的患者会发生反跳性高压性头痛,更常见于脑静脉回流障碍的患者。

原始出处:Wouter I. Schievink, M. Marcel Maya, Stacey Jean-Pierre, et al. Rebound high-pressure headache after treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension MRV study. Neurol Clin Pract. 2019 Apr;9(2):93-100.

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    2019-12-14 yinhl1978
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