Nat Med:延长寿命近四成!关键可能是茶叶中的常见分子?

2018-07-10 佚名 学术经纬

死亡是生命不可避免的旅程重点。在通向终点的道路上,衰老是人类永恒的话题。而在今天,《自然》子刊《Nature Medicine》上的一项研究则让我们看到了延年益寿的希望。来自美国国立卫生研究院旗下国立衰老研究所(NIA)的科学家们发现,两种常见的化学分子能显著延长动物的生命,而且显著减缓它们的衰老症状!

死亡是生命不可避免的旅程重点。在通向终点的道路上,衰老是人类永恒的话题。而在今天,《自然》子刊《Nature Medicine》上的一项研究则让我们看到了延年益寿的希望。来自美国国立卫生研究院旗下国立衰老研究所(NIA)的科学家们发现,两种常见的化学分子能显着延长动物的生命,而且显着减缓它们的衰老症状!

这个研究的关键在于“衰老细胞”。我们知道,正常细胞会不断分裂和复制,用以修复受损的组织。但随着年龄的增加,这些细胞也会不断积累小毛小病,最终失去分裂能力。但不幸的是,这些细胞“老而不死”,并不会被人体给自动清除掉。因此,这些已经失去正常功能的衰老细胞会继续占有人体组织和器官里的一席之地,并不断释放出导致炎症的分子,在人体内搞破坏。
为了确认这些细胞是衰老的万恶之源,研究人员们在 4 个月大的年轻小鼠体内注射了衰老细胞。这些细胞只占小鼠细胞总量的万分之一,却带来了极为严重的后果——与对照组相比,接受衰老细胞的小鼠尽管实际年龄还很年轻,却出现了早衰。无论是走路速度,还是肌肉力量,都出现了明显的下降。


▲注射了高剂量衰老细胞的小鼠(红色)与对照组(黑色)相比,出现了未老先衰的迹象(图片来源:《Nature Medicine》)

“这些细胞的作用不成比例,”本研究的通讯作者之一,来自知名的梅奥诊所的 James Kirkland 博士说道:“它们会分泌毒素,将衰老传播给周围的细胞。”

既然我们知道衰老细胞会导致一系列衰老症状,那么接下来要做的事情也就一目了然了——杀死这些“搞破坏”的衰老细胞。最近,研究人员们开发出了一系列能裂解衰老细胞的药物,在这项研究中,科学家们决定使用两款常见的药物:第一款是达沙替尼(dasatinib),它早在 2006 年就获批上市,治疗白血病;第二款是槲皮素(quercetin),这是一种在蔬果中常见的化学分子,被认为有益于健康。

后续研究表明,这两种药物果然能特异性地杀死衰老细胞,且不会影响正常细胞。而当衰老细胞被杀死后,那些年轻小鼠又恢复了青春的神采。

接下来,研究人员们决定直击问题的关键——杀死衰老细胞,能否让动物延年益寿?为了回答这个问题,科学家们在 20 个月大的年老小鼠(约人类 80 岁)中使用了这两种药物。而结果表明,这些小鼠和衰老有关的机能衰退,得到了有效的缓解。它们的体力更充沛,日常活动也更为活跃。

最后,科学家们在 24-27 个月大的小鼠中再次尝试了这两种药物。这已经接近了小鼠的寿命极限,相当于人类的 90 岁左右。而研究表明,经过治疗后,这些小鼠的寿命可以延长 36%!更为关键的是,这些延长的寿命极具生活质量。小鼠并非衰弱地等待死亡,而是依旧有着良好的健康。

▲这两种药物的组合(红色)能延长小鼠的生命(图片来源:《Nature Medicine》)

“这项研究令人振奋!”美国国立衰老研究所的衰老生物学部主任 Felipe Sierra 博士说道:“它清楚地表明,杀死衰老细胞能缓解小鼠中的生理机能失常。我们需要评估这些药物是否在人体试验中也同样安全有效。”

“这项研究提供了令人信服的证据,表明针对衰老细胞这一衰老的根本过程,能缓解衰老有关的症状,” 美国国立衰老研究所负责人 Richard Hodes 博士补充道:“这项研究也表明了对生物学机制的研究价值。这些机制有望让我们更好地理解衰老。”

按计划,科学家们将评估这些抗衰老疗法在人体中的应用潜力。如果后续研究进展顺利,或许在我们的有生之年,将看到“不老药”的问世。

原始出处:

Ming Xu, Tamar Pirtskhalava, et al. Senolytics improve physical function and increase lifespan in old age. Nature Medicine, 1–13.

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    2019-02-21 liye789132251
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    2018-07-31 哈哈哈哈哈4129

    达沙替尼和槲皮素是茶叶里的成分?

    0

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    2018-07-11 hbwxf
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    2018-07-11 phoebeyan520

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-07-10 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-07-10 186****0580(小山羊)

    学习了谢谢了

    0

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