SC-ICC2015:孙宁玲--β受体阻滞剂可作为高血压一线治疗药物吗?

2015-04-15 佚名 心在线

2015年4月11日,在第17届中国南方国际心血管病学术会议“合理用药论坛”上,北京大学人民医院孙宁玲教授针对这一问题,以“β受体阻滞剂是否可以作为高血压治疗一线药物——国际指南引发β受体阻滞剂争议”为题,对这一重要问题做了详细诠释。关于β受体阻滞剂在高血压治疗中的地位问题,近些年一直存在较大争议,各国指南对其在高血压治疗中的应用给出了不同建议。指南对β受体阻滞剂的推荐有何不同?2004年英国NI

2015年4月11日,在第17届中国南方国际心血管病学术会议“合理用药论坛”上,北京大学人民医院孙宁玲教授针对这一问题,以“β受体阻滞剂是否可以作为高血压治疗一线药物——国际指南引发β受体阻滞剂争议”为题,对这一重要问题做了详细诠释。

关于β受体阻滞剂在高血压治疗中的地位问题,近些年一直存在较大争议,各国指南对其在高血压治疗中的应用给出了不同建议。

指南对β受体阻滞剂的推荐有何不同?

2004年英国NICE指南将β受体阻滞剂列为55岁以下高血压患者的一线治疗药物。确实,β受体阻滞剂在心率增快人群中的疗效更好,比索洛尔对血压、心率的作用明确。然而,研究也发现了β受体阻滞剂在脑卒中治疗中的一些问题。例如,与安慰剂相比,β受体阻滞剂可有效降低脑卒中风险,但与其他类降压药物相比,不具有优势。基于这样的不利结果,2006年NICE指南将β受体阻滞剂从高血压一线治疗药物降至四线药物。

之后,欧美高血压指南也对β受体阻滞剂的地位提出质疑。包括2014年美国JNC8指南、ASH/ISH指南、AHA/ACC/CDC科学声明在内的美国指南均不再将β受体阻滞剂作为高血压一线治疗药物。不过,2013年欧洲高血压指南,以及我国2000年高血压指南仍然将其作为一线药物。β受体阻滞剂是否还有应用价值,这引起了大家的思考。

β受体阻滞剂的效果差异巨大?

早期的β受体阻滞剂随机对照试验(RCT)显示,与利尿剂相比,阿替洛尔升高死亡风险。在LIFE研究中,与氯沙坦相比,阿替洛尔可显著升高脑卒中风险。这些循证证据提示,阿替洛尔对高血压治疗的获益不大。不过,LIFE研究设计本身存在缺陷,不是头对头单药比较,而是两种方案比较。依据这样的证据将β受体阻滞剂排除一线治疗是不公平的。

另外,其他β受体阻滞剂的效果不同于阿替洛尔。例如,在MAPHY研究中,与利尿剂相比,美托洛尔可降低死亡率22%,同时显著降低心脑血管事件风险。这些研究说明,其他β受体阻滞剂可使高血压患者明显获益。

β受体阻滞剂之间是否存在差异?

2007年《Circulation》杂志发表论文称,β受体阻滞剂的异质性大,不同药物间有很大差异。例如,琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片可有效降低血压,抑制颈动脉斑块增厚,最终获得减少死亡和心血管事件的益处。另外,卡维地洛长期治疗对脂代谢和糖代谢无不良影响,还可显著降低新发糖尿病风险。奈必洛尔是一种可增加一氧化氮含量的β受体阻滞剂,可抑制氧化应激,改善血管内皮功能。这些新型β受体阻滞剂均明显不同于阿替洛尔。阿替洛尔不同于其他β受体阻滞剂的原因可能是,其降低中心动脉压和脉压的作用较差,半衰期较短,仅6~9小时。

β受体阻滞剂是否还能作为一线降压药物?

研究显示,在有效控制血压的同时,也要注意心率的控制。将高血压患者的心率控制在80次/分以下是合适的。2015年台湾高血压指南指出,依据最大规模荟萃分析结果,相对于安慰剂,β受体阻滞剂和其他几大类降压药物均能明显降低冠心病和脑卒中风险。该指南建议,除阿替洛尔以外的其他β受体阻滞剂作为一线药物,尤其适用于合并冠心病、有心肌梗死病史及心率偏快(≥80次/分)的患者。

最后,孙宁玲教授总结称,对于交感神经激活的高血压、心衰和冠心病患者,β受体阻滞剂是有效的治疗药物;不同β受体阻滞剂由于受体选择性和制剂不同,其临床作用可能有所不同;新型β受体阻滞剂具有降压明确和器官保护的特性,对有适应证的患者采用β受体阻滞剂长期治疗,会获得较好的临床效果。

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    2015-05-04 asahi110

    该讲的详细些

    0

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    2015-04-23 517294727

    还是有些糊涂,要是有详细机理更好

    0

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    2015-04-19 hbwang006

    有道理

    0

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    2015-04-17 Keren1970

    有道理

    0

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    2015-04-17 docwu2019

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