Nature Communications: 新的免疫疗法对乙型肝炎“非常有效”

2021-05-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染是全球主要的健康问题,也是世界上最常见的肝癌病因。每年,全球慢性乙肝病毒估计会导致880,000人死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌/肝癌(HCC)。HCC是与癌症相关的死亡的第三大最常见病因。

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染是全球主要的健康问题,也是世界上最常见的肝癌病因。每年,全球慢性乙肝病毒估计会导致880,000人死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌/肝癌(HCC)。HCC是与癌症相关的死亡的第三大最常见病因。

当前对慢性HBV感染(CHB)的治疗需要使用核苷酸(t)ide类似物(NUCs)进行长期的抗病毒抑制,而这些类似物无法减少游离型和整合型HBV DNA的转录,从而导致病毒抗原和抗原的持续表达。现在迫切需要新的疗法来解决目前使用抗病毒药的患者持续发生HCC的风险。

一项发表在《自然通讯》上的研究发现用ACAT(胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)抑制剂阻断ACAT的活性可增强能抵抗病毒和相关癌性肿瘤的特异性免疫细胞,证明了其作为免疫疗法的有效性。该研究还发现抑制ACAT会阻碍HBV自身的复制,从而也可作为直接的抗病毒药。口服ACAT抑制剂(如avasimibe)先前已被证明在人类中作为降低胆固醇的药物具有良好的耐受性。

胆固醇是我们每天在饮食中摄取的一种脂质(脂肪),可以在人体的不同细胞内发挥多种功能。胆固醇是细胞膜和细胞内水平的一个重要组成部分的摄取,脂滴的累积可以抑制免疫细胞功能。HBV感染肝脏,肝脏是高度富含胆固醇的器官,以限制局部免疫反应而闻名。

由于ACAT催化胆固醇的酯化作用,因此可以预见其抑制作用将减少T细胞中性脂质滴的积聚,并对功能性产生潜在的有益影响。

在这项研究中,UCL Maini教授在体外使用人肝病组织样本显示,ACAT抑制具有抗乙肝病毒(HBV)的抗病毒活性,以及​增强保护性抗HBV和抗肝细胞癌(HCC)T细胞。ACAT抑制作用可减少CD8 +  T细胞中性脂质滴并促进脂质微结构域,ACAT在体外调节HBV颗粒的发生,并通过抑制剂减少病毒颗粒和亚病毒颗粒。因此,ACAT抑制提供了一种代谢检查点的范例,能够限制肿瘤和病毒,可以挽救疲惫的T细胞,使其成为功能性治愈HBV和HBV相关HCC的有吸引力的治疗靶标。

然后,Maini研究小组与牛津大学的Jane McKeating教授的实验室合作,证明ACAT抑制剂还可以以其他抗病毒药物无法阻断的方式阻断HBV的生命周期。因此,这些药物具有抗病毒和免疫治疗作用的独特组合。

“使用ACAT抑制剂调节胆固醇代谢具有直接针对病毒和肿瘤的独特功能,同时增强了对抗它们的T细胞。这使我们能够同时从多个方向应对这种疾病。”

 Schmidt博士补充说:“胆固醇修饰药对人类是安全的,我们希望我们的研究现在可以指导胆固醇调节与其他免疫疗法相结合的临床试验的发展。总而言之,我们的发现为该疗法提供了令人兴奋的新可能性。治疗慢性病毒感染和癌症的患者。”

 

参考文献:Targeting human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase as a dual viral and T cell metabolic checkpoint

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    2022-02-01 liuli5079
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    2021-08-08 liye789132251
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    2021-05-24 杨三

    好文章

    0

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