聚焦幽门螺杆菌与常见消化道疾病

2017-06-27 佚名 爱唯医学网

上周,本报就“根除H.pylori能否规避胃癌风险”的争议话题进行探讨。事实上,H.pylori感染还与许多消化道疾病有千丝万缕的联系。H.pylori感染与胃食管反流病、消化不良以及肠易激综合征是否存在致病关系?根除H.pylori后是否对消化道症状有所改善?本期话题将聚焦于此,与广大读者共同分享相关问题的现状及进展,力求规范临床实践。

上周,本报就“根除H.pylori能否规避胃癌风险”的争议话题进行探讨。事实上,H.pylori感染还与许多消化道疾病有千丝万缕的联系。H.pylori感染与胃食管反流病、消化不良以及肠易激综合征是否存在致病关系?根除H.pylori后是否对消化道症状有所改善?本期话题将聚焦于此,与广大读者共同分享相关问题的现状及进展,力求规范临床实践。

【幽门螺杆菌与消化不良】

南昌大学第一附属医院消化内科吕农华教授

功能性消化不良者建议个体化根除幽门螺杆菌

目前认为功能性消化不良需采用综合治疗:H.pylori阳性者可以做根除治疗,有些患者可用抑酸治疗,还有促动力治疗、中药治疗以及精神和心理治疗等。

功能性消化不良是否需要根除H.pylori?国外的相关共识和指南有如下建议:MaastrichtⅡ共识推荐对功能性消化不良进行H.pylori根除治疗;MaastrichtⅢ推荐,将功能性消化不良改为非溃疡性消化不良,最高级别推荐根除H.pylori,将具有消化不良症状的慢性胃炎归属于非溃疡性消化不良,认为根除有益于降低消化性溃疡和胃癌危险性;MaastrichtⅣ共识以最高级别推荐对功能性消化不良进行H.pylori根除,并进一步强调根除治疗对消化不良症状缓解的有效性。国内相关共识、指南也有相关建议:桐城共识仅推荐对部分伴有H.pylori感染的功能性消化不良进行根除;庐山共识和井冈山共识支持对慢性胃炎伴消化不良症状者进行根除。

国内外共识都支持对H.pylori阳性伴功能性消化不良行根除治疗,但这些共识和指南在制定过程中仍存在不少问题。

问题一:原因不明消化不良是否首选H.pylori检测和根除?

一般情况下,有消化不良症状的患者经过病史采集和体格检查后,可用质子泵抑制剂或H2受体拮抗剂行抑酸治疗,可行H.pylori“检测-治疗”方案,还可做内镜检查。鉴于我国内镜技术普遍开展,且上消化道肿瘤发生率较高,H.pylori“检测-治疗”并无显着优势。MaastrichtⅣ建议,在人群H.pylori感染率较高(>20%)的地区,推荐对所有病因未明的新发消化不良患者进行H.pylori检测及治疗,但亦应考虑当地H.pylori检测及治疗的费用-效益比。此外,该策略对有报警症状及老年患者不适用。

问题二:根除H.pylori可否显着改善功能性消化不良症状?

大量流行病学研究结果表明:功能性消化不良患者H.pylori感染率高于无症状对照者;H.pylori感染可能先于消化不良症状发生;H.pylori阳性者更容易出现烧心、上腹痛、夜间痛等症状。西方流行病学数据显示,根除H.pylori对功能性消化不良症状缓解作用虽小,但有统计学意义。MaastrichtⅣ建议,对H.pylori阳性的功能性消化不良患者进行H.pylori根除治疗,可使约8%患者症状得到长期缓解,优于其他治疗方案。

吕教授主张根除H.pylori,但需要注意以下几方面:确诊功能性消化不良患者,方能进行H.pylori根除;根除方案需个体化;根除治疗的症状缓解率有待提高;减少H.pylori根除治疗的可能弊端。

【幽门螺杆菌与胃食管反流病】

华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院消化内科侯晓华教授

根除幽门螺杆菌需分清疾病主次缓急

相关性证据

2013年《Gut》杂志发表数据显示,中国胃食管反流病(GERD)患病率为4.1%~7.3%,日本患病率为7.7%,韩国为3.5%~8.5%,显着低于欧美国家(近30%)。统观全球,H.pylori感染率与上述现象相反,东方国家患病率高达70%~80%,显着高于西方国家(30%~50%)。这些数据提示,GERD发病似乎与H.pylori感染呈负相关。

2003年的一项研究显示,GERD患者H.pylori感染率为38.2%,显着低于非GERD人群。值得注意的是,后者中有人患胃溃疡或十二指肠溃疡,这类患者H.pylori感染率高是公认的。也有研究显示,GERD患者H.pylori感染率与非GERD人群类似,但后者实为溃疡样功能性消化不良患者。鉴于入选标准不统一,导致寻找GERD和H.pylori感染共病规律有一定困难。

一项Meta分析筛选分析14篇病例对照研究和10篇相关临床试验,部分研究显示,H.pylori根除后GERD发病率增高,但也有研究认为GERD患者根除H.pylori后症状缓解。《第四次全国幽门螺杆菌感染处理共识》指出,亚洲人群根除H.pylori可增加GERD发生风险,美国、欧洲等人群根除H.pylori不增加GERD发生风险。深入探讨发现,亚洲人群胃体萎缩性胃炎患者胃癌风险高于胃窦炎,H.pylori导致的胃体炎比例可能高于西方国家。且胃体炎者根除H.pylori后,胃酸分泌功能恢复,进而增加GERD发生危险。

有研究比较慢性浅表性全胃炎、胃体炎和胃窦炎根除H.pylori前后GERD的发生率。根除前,三种胃炎的GERD发生率均为15%左右;根除后,三种胃炎的GERD发生率均增幅>10%,但研究没有发现三种胃炎根除H.pylori后GERD发生率的差异。由此得出,胃不同部位感染H.pylori时,胃酸分泌有差异,也影响到GERD的发生。

治疗建议

2003年桐城共识推荐H.pylori阳性GERD患者根除H.pylori。2007年庐山共识将GERD排除在根除H.pylori的指征外;部分研究认为根除H.pylori可能增加GERD和食管腺癌发生风险。但庐山共识也发现一个问题,即H.pylori阳性GERD患者如果长期服用质子泵抑制剂可增加胃体萎缩发生风险,进而增加胃癌风险。因此《第四次全国幽门螺杆菌感染处理共识》推荐,H.pylori阳性GERD患者若长期服用质子泵抑制剂,需根除H.pylori。

侯教授指出,GERD患者是否需要根除H.pylori,还需要评估患者的胃癌发生风险:如果胃癌发生风险高(如有胃癌家族史),就需要根除H.pylori;如果患者为胃体H.pylori阳性,尽管根除H.pylori可能诱发GERD,但鉴于高胃癌发生风险,根除H.pylori仍是必要的。

【幽门螺杆菌与肠易激综合征】

北京大学第一医院消化内科王化虹教授

致病相关性尚待明朗

H.pylori感染与肠易激综合征(IBS)发病的相关研究一直存在争议,包括H.pylori感染是否能成为IBS发生的独立危险因素之一、根除H.pylori治疗是否对IBS患者症状缓解长期有益等问题,不同研究结果存在差异,仍需更多精准设计的大样本临床研究证实。

流行病学

2000年,Locke等研究发现IBS患者H.pylori感染率(20%)高于无症状人群(12%),认为CagA抗体阳性与IBS的发生相关(P<0.05)。但随后有学者对147例IBS患者分析发现,不伴H.pylori感染的患者例数与伴有H.pylori感染的IBS患者例数几乎相同,且40~49岁患者中不伴H.pylori感染例数显着高于感染者,提示H.pylori感染对IBS发病未发挥重要作用。

根除H.pylori前后变化

2006年的一项研究将46例H.pylori阳性腹泻型IBS患者随机分为观察组和对照组,两组同时给予匹维溴胺、蒙脱石散治疗4周,观察组同时加用抗H.pylori治疗2周。结果观察组与对照组总效率无显着性差异,认为腹泻型IBS与H.pylori感染无明显相关性。

2011年发表的另一项研究却显示相反的结果:H.pylori阳性IBS患者80例,随机分为对照组与观察组,均给予培菲康+匹维溴胺,观察组另加奥美拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林治疗。观察组治疗总有效率为95.0%,显着高于对照组,认为根除H.pylori治疗有助于提高IBS治疗效果。

机制相关性研究

研究发现,H.pylori感染患者与IBS患者肠黏膜组织中均可发现肥大细胞。H.pylori感染可能引起强烈的黏膜细胞免疫反应,并进一步启动肠道免疫机制导致IBS发生,因此H.pylori感染与IBS发生可能存在相关性。近来有关肠道敏感性、胃肠激素(血浆胃泌素和胃动素)水平、胃排空、胃电节律等与H.pylori感染相关性研究结果,也支持H.pylori感染与IBS发病存在一定相关性的论述。

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    2017-07-19 jyzxjiangqin

    幽门螺杆菌的治疗。

    0

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    2018-01-27 kcb069
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    2017-06-29 135****7952平儿

    学了。。。。。。。。。

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223799, encodeId=ad99223e99e6, content=幽门螺杆菌的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:46:18 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811718, encodeId=a6001811e18c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Sat Jan 27 09:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216748, encodeId=e501216e4893, content=学了。。。。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Neru1qt53a14aACuSzg3TZhkTcsPYVibyHibhTZ5L4k9qIBWiaej4lgomIsGptf8N16E4mTuIq2DVdJXjPjmwZKrLib/0, createdBy=5a0f2055853, createdName=135****7952平儿, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 17:36:04 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464538, encodeId=ea6f146453896, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 07:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216500, encodeId=7ef6216500a1, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/29/41eb35e597c58fa3a89cba31296109d1.jpg, createdBy=85152063314, createdName=浙江小强, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 05:19:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216105, encodeId=86f62161058a, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:39:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216082, encodeId=70cb21608260, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 21:06:31 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-29 浙江小强

    关注

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223799, encodeId=ad99223e99e6, content=幽门螺杆菌的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:46:18 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811718, encodeId=a6001811e18c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Sat Jan 27 09:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216748, encodeId=e501216e4893, content=学了。。。。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Neru1qt53a14aACuSzg3TZhkTcsPYVibyHibhTZ5L4k9qIBWiaej4lgomIsGptf8N16E4mTuIq2DVdJXjPjmwZKrLib/0, createdBy=5a0f2055853, createdName=135****7952平儿, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 17:36:04 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464538, encodeId=ea6f146453896, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 07:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216500, encodeId=7ef6216500a1, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/29/41eb35e597c58fa3a89cba31296109d1.jpg, createdBy=85152063314, createdName=浙江小强, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 05:19:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216105, encodeId=86f62161058a, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:39:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216082, encodeId=70cb21608260, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 21:06:31 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-27 thlabcde

    好东西学习了!

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=223799, encodeId=ad99223e99e6, content=幽门螺杆菌的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Jul 19 07:46:18 CST 2017, time=2017-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1811718, encodeId=a6001811e18c4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=751f8889423' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#螺杆菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88894, encryptionId=751f8889423, topicName=螺杆菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=87b1109, createdName=kcb069, createdTime=Sat Jan 27 09:22:00 CST 2018, time=2018-01-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216748, encodeId=e501216e4893, content=学了。。。。。。。。。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4Neru1qt53a14aACuSzg3TZhkTcsPYVibyHibhTZ5L4k9qIBWiaej4lgomIsGptf8N16E4mTuIq2DVdJXjPjmwZKrLib/0, createdBy=5a0f2055853, createdName=135****7952平儿, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 17:36:04 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1464538, encodeId=ea6f146453896, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=32e765e6591' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#消化道#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65765, encryptionId=32e765e6591, topicName=消化道)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7b6e6676048, createdName=changhe715, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 07:22:00 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216500, encodeId=7ef6216500a1, content=关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/29/41eb35e597c58fa3a89cba31296109d1.jpg, createdBy=85152063314, createdName=浙江小强, createdTime=Thu Jun 29 05:19:59 CST 2017, time=2017-06-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216105, encodeId=86f62161058a, content=好东西学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=92191944782, createdName=thlabcde, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 22:39:38 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=216082, encodeId=70cb21608260, content=非常好的文章,学习了,很受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Tue Jun 27 21:06:31 CST 2017, time=2017-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-06-27 天涯183

    非常好的文章,学习了,很受益

    0

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