整治阿片类药物滥用 特朗普下狠心了

2018-03-09 徐钰琦 环球医学

阿片类药物除了可以镇痛,还可以让没有疾病的人产生欣快、舒适的感觉,这是导致此类药物滥用的根本原因。由于欧美国家对毒品采取较为宽容的态度,近几年来,阿片类药物滥用在美国的形势已颇为严峻。

阿片类药物除了可以镇痛,还可以让没有疾病的人产生欣快、舒适的感觉,这是导致此类药物滥用的根本原因。由于欧美国家对毒品采取较为宽容的态度,近几年来,阿片类药物滥用在美国的形势已颇为严峻。

美国总统特朗普在前年竞选时,曾承诺要解决阿片类药物滥用危机,但至今一直没有强硬的措施,导致阿片类药物的滥用在美国越来越严重。近日,特朗普强硬表态,支持政府对阿片类药物制造商提起联邦诉讼,并对阿片类药物制造商和毒贩实施“最终处罚”。不知这能否对减轻阿片类滥用有所帮助?

阿片类药物于上世纪90年代末开始大规模进入美国市场,因滥用阿片类处方药物致死人数从2005年前后逐渐攀升。早些时候,《纽约时报》综合各州的原始数据指出,2016年美国因阿片类药物过量致死人数可能超过5.9万,此外,因阿片类药物滥用美国每年造成的经济损失高达785亿美元,费用涉及医疗保险开销、成瘾治疗、刑事司法调查等。

在美国,因药物滥用致死的人数越来越多,美国多个州和地方政府表示已经无力支付这些尸体的处理费用,因无人认领,这些尸体在太平间“堆积成山”。在美国,有15个州政府会每年拨付一定款项,支付那些没有任何资产的死者的火化和下葬费用。其他州则将这部分财政负担下放到地方。但随着“阿片危机”恶化,需要的政府资助也在增加。

除此之外,因阿片类药物过量使用而入院接受治疗的儿童数量从2004年至2007年的797名增加到2012年至2015年的1504名,增加了一倍。一是青少年因为娱乐消遣或自我伤害而有意寻求过量使用药物;二是孩子无意接触到了父母们的处方药。尽管最终死于阿片类药物使用过量的入院儿童比例十年来有所下降,但儿童暴露于阿片类药物的人数越来越多,政府在医疗方面的投入也随之增大,已不堪重负。

解决阿片类药物滥用危机是特朗普前年竞选的主要承诺之一。上台后,特朗普也多次谈论阿片类药物滥用问题,但所作承诺都很宽泛。

去年10月,特朗普指示政府动用所有合适紧急手段,并要求其他相关单位就阿片类药物滥用危机作出反应,但均没有下达具体措施。

今年3月,特朗普签署行政命令成立“打击阿片类药物上瘾危机委员会”,并任命新泽西州州长克里斯?克里斯蒂主持工作,负责调研如何应对药物滥用、上瘾以及阿片类药物危机所带来的危害。

在美国阿片类药物滥用越来越严峻的情况下,特朗普近日表示,针对阿片类药物制造商的联邦诉讼可能即将到来。“希望我们可以对阿片类药物生产公司提起诉讼。我认为这很重要,因为很多州正在这样做。如果州政府这样做,为什么联邦政府不能这样做?”特朗普说。

在“阿片危机”中,药物制造商有着不可推卸的责任。它们通过欺骗性的营销方式向公民出售危险且具有成瘾性的药物,给民众的健康以及政府财政造成了严重负担。

此外,特朗普还暗示主张对毒贩实施死刑。特朗普说:“有些国家的惩罚非常非常严厉,是‘终极惩罚’。但他们的毒品问题比我们要少得多,所以我们必须大力加强惩罚力度。”

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    2018-11-27 zchen
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    2018-03-11 lhlxtx
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    2018-03-09 有备才能无患

    **类药物除了可以镇痛.还可以让没有疾病的人产生欣快.舒适的感觉.这是导致此类药物滥用的根本原因.由于欧美国家对毒品采取较为宽容的态度.近几年来.**类药物滥用在美国的形势已颇为严峻.

    0

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