韩健:两篇捅破“精准医疗”泡沫的重要文章

2016-10-28 韩健科学网博客 韩健科学网博客

九月份有两篇把“精准医疗”推上审判台的文章引起了人们的广泛注意。一篇发表在自然杂志上; 另一篇在新英格兰医学杂志上:两篇文章总结了最近发表的一些肿瘤个体化治疗的临床结果,不过都给出很悲观的评论。第一篇文章认为“精准策略没有给大多数肿瘤病人带来好处”,“肿瘤的精准治疗仅仅是一个待证明的假说”。"...most people with cancer do not benefit from the

九月份有两篇把“精准医疗”推上审判台的文章引起了人们的广泛注意。一篇发表在自然杂志上; 另一篇在新英格兰医学杂志上:



两篇文章总结了最近发表的一些肿瘤个体化治疗的临床结果,不过都给出很悲观的评论。第一篇文章认为“精准策略没有给大多数肿瘤病人带来好处”,“肿瘤的精准治疗仅仅是一个待证明的假说”。

"...most people with cancer do not benefit from the precision strategy, nor has this approach been show to imporve outcomes in controlled studies. Precision oncology remains a hypothesis in need of verification"  

“客观地说,精准肿瘤治疗的前景很不乐观。最好的结果是在一小部分病人中看到短暂的病情缓解。而绝对会发生的则是副作用和昂贵的治疗费用。”

"When considered objectively, the prospects and potential of precision oncology are sobering. At best, we may expect short-lived responses in a tiny fraction of patients, with the inevitable toxicity of targeted therapies and inflated cost that this approach guarantees."

第二篇文章则警告我们“这个(精准医疗)概念对病人和支持肿瘤研究的机构很有吸引力,尽管缺少有益的证据,肿瘤的分子分析已经被直接兜售给了病人。”

"This concept is appealing to patients and to foundations that support cancer research, and the molecular characterization of tumor is being marketed directly to patients, despite a lack of evidence of benefit."

目前为止的几个大型临床实验显示,经过测序等分子诊断分析,大概有30-50%的病人能找到可以解释肿瘤恶变的相关突变。因为能用的药物有限,只有3-13%的病人能够找到“精准”的药物。即使使用上了配对的药物,也只有一小部分(30%)病人有疗效。几个折扣打下来,最后受益的病人仅占所有病人的1.5%。

文章指出现有精准医疗不够理想的原因有几个:(1)现有的靶向治疗药物多半只能部分地阻断细胞增生途径;(2)试图完全阻断恶性增生途径要靠合并用药或者加大剂量,两者都会增加副作用;(3)肿瘤异质性,即同一个病人的肿瘤细胞有多个突变株,治好了一部分细胞,另一部分又长出来了。(4)也是肿瘤异质性的原因,一开始有效的药物,(另外一株细胞)很快就产生出耐药性。

有人认为随着诊断的加强和新药的不断上市,精准医疗会变得更好。可是文章的作者认为肿瘤的精准治疗有两个很难满足的前提:(1)肿瘤相关的驱动突变(driver mutation)在所有癌变细胞中都有,而且针对该突变的药物绝对有效;(2)肿瘤异质性本身可以控制。

说白了,就是精准治疗的靶子不能不停地移动,不然很难谈得上精准。

作者也提到液态活检的局限性:漏到血液里的肿瘤DNA多半是从被杀死的肿瘤细胞中来,而没有被杀死的肿瘤细胞株才是真正需要攻击的靶点。

作者最后给出的结论是:“我们不是建议完全放弃个体化医疗,而是建议进行一些小规模的,经过精心设计的合作研究,来试图对付上面提到的局限。同时,也应该给病人一个明确的信息:肿瘤的个体化治疗还没有显示出实质性的疗效,还处于临床验证阶段。”

"We do not suggest abandoning personalized medicine but rather evaluating it in a small number of well-designed collaborative programs, with research programs that recognize and combat the limitations we have described. there should also be a clear message to patients that personalized cancer medicine has not led to gains in survival or its quality and is an appropriate strategy only within well-designed clinical trials." 

据统计,国内现在至少有两百多家涉及“精准医疗”的公司,许多已经拿到了上亿元的融资。有些已经把形形色色的精准医疗检测推向市场,泡沫已经形成。

我在奥巴马刚刚提出“精准医疗”的口号的时候就些了一篇泼冷水的文章。这篇文章的目的也是希望能使大家更冷静地思考精准医疗的一些问题。

投资者,不管是政府的钱还是私人投资,都应该权衡风险和回报。和互联网方面的投资不同,医疗方面的投资风险主要是科学性,不是可运营性。多买几台测序仪,多雇几个人,并不能加速解决精准医疗概念本身的瓶颈。至少在现阶段,在科学上的关口(肿瘤的异质性)还没有被攻克以前,大规模的商业运作只能加速泡沫的破灭。希望有更多理性的投资者,能认真研究项目,投真正创新的东西,而不是跟踪被炒热了的概念。

那些已经拿到了风投钱的公司也需要谨慎行事,把好钢使在刀刃上,不要迫于利润压力去推不很成熟的产品和服务,那样烧钱是小事,坏了市场声誉可是大事。PCR,细胞疗法等的快速市场化导致的后遗症都是前车之鉴。我相信,真正好的公司,总能找到新的发展机遇的。

至于病人就更应该懂得保护自己。如果在美国只有1.5%的病人受益于“精准医疗”,那么在中国的病人中能有多少人受益?如果我是病人,与其花成千上万块钱去做精准医疗检测,还不如找一个高档餐厅和家人精准地吃上一顿更实惠。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155505, encodeId=b4521555055f, content=很客观!很冷静的观点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 18:41:24 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152924, encodeId=278515292411, content=开放性领域,前景还是很光明的!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=17a248655, createdName=tcm2000, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 16:13:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152473, encodeId=9a1a1524e380, content=谢谢分享!很客观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:23:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152472, encodeId=34a71524e2ad, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:20:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403091, encodeId=eead140309185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151695, encodeId=974915169519, content=任重而道远!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5051957123, createdName=L2X496, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 12:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151664, encodeId=ff381516649a, content=肿瘤复杂程度是超出想象的,肿瘤的异质性决定了精准治疗的重大缺陷!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 09:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-13 Jianghuiqin

    很客观!很冷静的观点!

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155505, encodeId=b4521555055f, content=很客观!很冷静的观点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 18:41:24 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152924, encodeId=278515292411, content=开放性领域,前景还是很光明的!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=17a248655, createdName=tcm2000, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 16:13:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152473, encodeId=9a1a1524e380, content=谢谢分享!很客观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:23:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152472, encodeId=34a71524e2ad, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:20:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403091, encodeId=eead140309185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151695, encodeId=974915169519, content=任重而道远!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5051957123, createdName=L2X496, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 12:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151664, encodeId=ff381516649a, content=肿瘤复杂程度是超出想象的,肿瘤的异质性决定了精准治疗的重大缺陷!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 09:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-11-02 tcm2000

    开放性领域,前景还是很光明的!

    0

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    2016-10-31 xyfg98

    谢谢分享!很客观

    0

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    2016-10-31 xyfg98

    谢谢分享!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155505, encodeId=b4521555055f, content=很客观!很冷静的观点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 18:41:24 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152924, encodeId=278515292411, content=开放性领域,前景还是很光明的!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=17a248655, createdName=tcm2000, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 16:13:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152473, encodeId=9a1a1524e380, content=谢谢分享!很客观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:23:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152472, encodeId=34a71524e2ad, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:20:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403091, encodeId=eead140309185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151695, encodeId=974915169519, content=任重而道远!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5051957123, createdName=L2X496, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 12:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151664, encodeId=ff381516649a, content=肿瘤复杂程度是超出想象的,肿瘤的异质性决定了精准治疗的重大缺陷!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 09:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=155505, encodeId=b4521555055f, content=很客观!很冷静的观点!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Sun Nov 13 18:41:24 CST 2016, time=2016-11-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152924, encodeId=278515292411, content=开放性领域,前景还是很光明的!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=17a248655, createdName=tcm2000, createdTime=Wed Nov 02 16:13:18 CST 2016, time=2016-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152473, encodeId=9a1a1524e380, content=谢谢分享!很客观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:23:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=152472, encodeId=34a71524e2ad, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fe261399236, createdName=xyfg98, createdTime=Mon Oct 31 22:20:03 CST 2016, time=2016-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1403091, encodeId=eead140309185, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ebbde6353be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#精准#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76353, encryptionId=ebbde6353be, topicName=精准)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83epQX9hfEIBiaPg0e9KvLYVBCSGYydH6K6OQxBh3RaOC0TYP9HYy2v0XdHib1LFnZNU5Siak0P8oh8Aqw/132, createdBy=acd92440184, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 00:01:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151695, encodeId=974915169519, content=任重而道远!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c5051957123, createdName=L2X496, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 12:35:49 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151664, encodeId=ff381516649a, content=肿瘤复杂程度是超出想象的,肿瘤的异质性决定了精准治疗的重大缺陷!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Fri Oct 28 09:27:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-28 L2X496

    任重而道远!

    0

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    2016-10-28 lovetcm

    肿瘤复杂程度是超出想象的,肿瘤的异质性决定了精准治疗的重大缺陷!

    0

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