专家观点:抗VEGF治疗(贝伐单抗)转移性结直肠癌

2012-04-25 MedSci MedSci原创

梅奥诊所 肿瘤学教授 Axel Grothey        1 问:贝伐单抗联合一线化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌(CRC)支持和反对的证据有哪些?        Axel Grothey教授:贝伐单抗起初在3期试验中是添加到目前已过时的IFL方案中(伊立替康,氟尿嘧啶,亚叶酸钙)[1]。IFL治疗目前已不

Axel   Grothey, M.D.

梅奥诊所 肿瘤学教授 Axel Grothey

       
1 问:贝伐单抗联合一线化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌(CRC)支持和反对的证据有哪些?

       Axel Grothey教授:贝伐单抗起初在3期试验中是添加到目前已过时的IFL方案中(伊立替康,氟尿嘧啶,亚叶酸钙)[1]。IFL治疗目前已不再使用。现代治疗方案例如FOLFIRI和FOLFOX是主导的化疗方案,一线治疗中贝伐单抗添加到上述方案中在世界各地都较常见。

       有趣的是,从来没有针对FOLFIRI±贝伐单抗的III期试验,所以这些数据的证据不那么稳固,但是每个人都在用这个方案,从最初的IFL数据进行外推,使用了相似的化疗基础,但是丸类的5-FU替代了静脉注射的5-FU。FOLFOX+贝伐单抗的数据更为稳固一些。在NO16966的III期临床试验中,1400名病人使用奥沙利铂为基础的方案,主要终点为无进展生存期得到了阳性结果[2]。但是,该方案中添加贝伐单抗带来的疗效和差异不如之前的IFL方案强烈。其中一个原因是治疗周期较短,病人停止治疗不是因为疾病进展,而是很多病人出现了奥沙利铂相关的神经毒性。当奥沙利铂被停用时,其他相关的例如北伐单抗都被停止了。

        所以,治疗的周期非常关键,对NO16966临床试验的分析显示,当患者持续治疗直到疾病进展,获得的益处更大。

        2 问:接受化疗-贝伐单抗的进展晚期CRC患者应该继续将北伐单抗作为二线化疗的一部分吗?

       Axel Grothey教授:一些数据强调了VEGF抑制剂延长治疗的重要性。很多最新的研究发现,一线治疗中将贝伐单抗作为化疗的一部分,进展后继续使用贝伐单抗还可以获益。

       几项观察性队列研究,BRITE研究[3]和ARIES研究[4]提出了上述想法,在一项欧洲前瞻性III期临床试验中正在被证实,一线治疗中接受贝伐单抗联合化疗的病人进展后继续或不继续使用贝伐单抗。我们还没有这项试验的确切数据,在2012年1月份发布的一个新闻表明主要终点达到了总体生存率升高的目的[5]。所以我期待着在ASCO 2012年会上能够看到更多结果。

       我们最近看到了关于aflibercept的临床试验结果[6],aflibercept是一种VEGF抑制剂,与VEGF-A、VEGF-B和PIGF结合。它与贝伐单抗具有相似的疗效和活性,可能毒性稍高一些。在一项III期试验中,aflibercept被添加到FOLFIRI中作为二线治疗,之前接受过贝伐单抗作为一线治疗的病人的总体生存期改善。

        3 问:贝伐单抗维持治疗的最新数据有哪些?

       Axel Grothey教授:有几项研究正在进行,尝试探讨贝伐单抗作为维持治疗一部分的作用,这些研究分布在西班牙、德国和荷兰。有的使用贝伐单抗作为单一药物,有的联合化疗。如果让我猜测一下研究结果,我认为贝伐单抗联合一种氟尿嘧啶类例如5-FU或卡倍他滨可能是最有效的维持治疗方式。

       4 问:是否有针对肠穿孔的报道?

       Axel Grothey教授:我们已经注意到,当使用贝伐单抗很长时间时,早期出现肠穿孔或动脉血栓栓塞等灾难性副作用在早期更容易发生。这意味着,如果病人在头3个月的治疗中没有出现上述严重的副反应,在稍后发生的可能性更低。在早期治疗中关注这些严重不良反应不影响我们持续使用贝伐单抗的观念。

       5 问:哪类病人更易从贝伐单抗中获益?

       Axel Grothey教授:不幸的是,目前没有常规的生物标志物可以确认哪些CRC病人更易从贝伐单抗或其他抗VEGF治疗中获益。这里可以看一些研究,表明血浆VEGF-A水平高,对贝伐单抗治疗的反应更好[7]。但是目前为止这些研究都是回顾性的,需要在大型的前瞻性研究中加以验证。 

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参考文献
1. Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, et al. Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(23):2335-2342.
2. Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, et al. Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(12):2013-2019.
3. Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM. Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(33):5326-5334.
4. Bekaii-Saab TS, Bendell JC, Cohn AL, et al. Initial results from ARIES, a multi-indication bevacizumab (BV) observational cohort study (OCS): characteristics of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts) receiving BV and chemotherapy (CT) in 2nd line. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:(Suppl.):abstr 15002.
5. Roche. Investor Update, 26 January 2012. Available at: http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2012-01-26.htm
6. Tabernero J, Van Cutsem E, Lakomy R, et al: Results from VELOUR, a phase 3 study of aflibercept versus placebo in combination with FOLFIRI for the treatment of patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. 2011 European Multidisciplinary Congress. Abstract 6LBA. Presented September 25, 2011.
7. Jayson GC, de Haas S, Delmar P, et al: Evaluation of plasma VEGFA as a potential predictive pan-tumour biomarker for bevacizumab. 2011 European Multidisciplinary Cancer Congress. Abstract 804. Presented September 24, 2011.

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    2012-04-27 d830379

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