慢性心力衰竭患者 **“普利类”还是“沙坦类”降压药?

2019-07-02 Gcplive 药评中心

临床常用的血管紧张素转换酶抑制(ACEI)有依那普利、福辛普利等,俗称“普利类”降压药;临床常用的血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)有氯沙坦、缬沙坦等,俗称“沙坦类”降压药。对于慢性心力衰竭的患者,应首选“普利类”还是“沙坦类”降压药?一、心力衰竭分类1、射血分数心室收缩时并不能将心室的血液全部射入动脉,射血完毕时心室尚有一定量的余血。射血分数指每搏输出量占心脏舒张末期容积的百分比。射血分数可通过心

临床常用的血管紧张素转换酶抑制(ACEI)有依那普利、福辛普利等,俗称“普利类”降压药;临床常用的血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)有氯沙坦、缬沙坦等,俗称“沙坦类”降压药。对于慢性心力衰竭的患者,应首选“普利类”还是“沙坦类”降压药?

一、心力衰竭分类

1、射血分数

心室收缩时并不能将心室的血液全部射入动脉,射血完毕时心室尚有一定量的余血。射血分数指每搏输出量占心脏舒张末期容积的百分比。

射血分数可通过心脏彩超进行检查,计算公式为:射血分数(EF)=心室(舒张末期容积-心室收缩末期容积)÷舒张末期容积×100%。

正常情况下左室射血分数为≥50%,右室射血分数≥40%。若小于此值即为心功能不全。

2、心力衰竭分类

根据左心室射血分数(LVEF),可把心力衰竭(HF)分为三类:

射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF):LVEF<40%;射血分数中间值的心力衰竭(HFmrEF):40%≤LVEF<50%;射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF):LVEF≥50%。

二、心力衰竭与肾素-血管紧张素系统的激活

目前已明确,心力衰竭患者的血浆肾素活性升高,血液及心肌中血管紧张素Ⅱ含量明显升高。

血管紧张素Ⅱ,与血管紧张素AT1和AT2受体结合,可引起心肌肥厚、心室重构;促肾上腺皮质释放醛固酮,可引起水钠潴留等。

三、“普利类”与“沙坦类”的区别

ACEI(普利类),通过抑制血管紧张素转换酶,抑制血管紧张素Ⅰ转化为血管紧张素Ⅱ,降低血管紧张素Ⅱ含量;抑制缓激肽的降解,可引起干咳等。

ARB(沙坦类),选择性地阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ与AT1受体的结合,不抑制血管紧张素转换酶,对缓激肽的降解无影响,极少引起干咳等。

四、哪些心衰患者,推荐使用ACEI或ARB?

五、HFrEF患者,首选ACEI还是ARB?

综合国内相关指南(见下表),所有HFrEF患者应首选ACEI,除非有禁忌证或不能耐受;对于不能耐受ACEI的HFrEF患者,推荐选用ARB。

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    2019-07-03 15122a1c63m

    内容及时科学

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    2019-07-02 百草

    666

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    2019-07-02 天地飞扬

    学习

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