Sci Adv:阿尔茨海默病的单突触分析

2022-01-10 brainnew神内神外 网络

飞行时间突触测量法(SynTOF)测量不同种属的单突触事件。人类突触的聚类和模式识别显示了预期的疾病特异性差异,如AD中海马病理性tau的增加和LBD中尾状腺多巴胺转运体的减少,并发现AD中海马CD4

 

 阿尔茨海默病(AD)认知障碍的解剖学基础是边缘和新皮质突触的丧失。

 

SynTOF(飞行时间突触测量法)通过质谱仪对数以千万计的单个突触事件进行量化,通过机器学习(ML)分析。在这里,研究人员对非人类灵长类动物(NHPs)、PS/APP小鼠和仅有AD神经病理变化(ADNC)或仅有路易体病(LBD)的个体进行了SynTOF。

 

近日,来自斯坦福大学的Montine教授团队认为用SynTOF对AD进行单突触分析,验证了以往研究的病理性蛋白,并发现了新的蛋白变化(DJ1,CD47)

 

 

 

人类和小鼠单突触事件的大量分析

 

对1700万个单一的突触事件进行分析。第一个目标是通过既定方法分析数据并进行比较。结果表明,人类SynTOF的数据显示了预期的解剖分布模式,并与其他使用透射电子显微镜或阵列断层扫描收集的数据较为一致。

 

当ADNC与对照组比较时,两个抗体探针的突触前平均阳性事件百分比有明显不同,海马有更多的PHF-tau,BA9有更少的DJ1(图1C)。LBD与对照组相比,只有尾状腺DAT高的突触前事件减少51%。LBD BA9和海马缺乏明显的突触前变化,强调了AD的变化是疾病特定的

 

与WT小鼠相比,11种抗体在PS/APP中的突触前平均阳性事件百分比明显增加。通过SynTOF,老年PS/APP小鼠突触前的Aβ积累增加了约100倍,以及许多对Aβ诱导的损伤的反应。

 

 图1:人和小鼠突触体的SynTOF结果

 

 

从人类突触前事件中识别亚群

 

我们采用AE来学习单突触数据的压缩隐藏表征并进行聚类。图2A显示了每个亚群在所有脑区对对照组样本每种抗体的标准化平均表达量。亚群A中大多数抗体的信号很高,亚群B中大多数抗体的信号较低,GATM和GAMT除外。

 

亚群C的11个亚群是异质性的;C1到C5的抗体信号往往比C6到C11的信号高。标记物在A亚群中最高,在B亚群中最低(图2A)。突触前标志物CD47和SNAP25在所有亚群中都表现出类似的中高表达,但亚群B除外(图2C)。不同脑区的亚群频率有明显的差异。在大多数亚群中,BA9与尾状腺相似,而海马则倾向于与其他两个区域不同。

 

图2:修改后的深度AE将控制样本突触前事件聚类为不同的基于表型标记的亚群

 

我们接下来集中使用传统的ML来确定对照组、ADNC组和LBD组中突触前分子组成的区域差异。EN模型的表现优于其他算法。校正后显示海马PHF-tau平均强度增加和BA9 DJ1平均强度降低使ADNC与对照组明显分离(图3C);这两个信号在每个亚群中都很明显(图3D)

 

另一个强有力的特征是ADNC的海马CD47平均表达量增加(图3C),特别是在CD47高的亚群(图3E),它们也倾向于表达更高的PHF-tau。与CD47(图3E)不同,另一个突触前标志物SNAP25(图3F和图S7)没有强烈的信号。

 

图3:对亚群的模型和单变量分析确定了ADNC的独特信号

 

突触前特征表明AD痴呆

和AD复原性病例之间的分子差异

 

复原力描述了在高水平的病理变化下仍能保持认知功能的能力。在分析的9个ADNC中,有两个AD弹性病例,他们的Q值被重新计算。

 

该分析导致现有信号强度的增长,特别是BA9中更多亚群的DJ1(图4A),除了PHF-tau和CD47,它们保持不变。几个新的信号也出现了,其中最强的是来自海马A1和C5亚群的载脂蛋白(图4B)

 

4AD痴呆病例中的重要特征和信号强度的变化

 

 

组织切片的MIBI-TOF

分析支持SynTOF的发现

 

MIBI by TOF(MIBI-TOF)被用来支持AE识别的亚群的物理存在。扫描对照组和ADNC海马CA1区组成图5A。图5B显示了不同比例的FOVs对突触蛋白、CD47和PHF-tau着色的例子。MIBI-TOF证实了SynTOF的三个主要发现。

 

首先,MIBI-TOF显示了多个阳性标记物的高度共定位;其次,在SynTOF中观察到的CD47和PHF-tau的突触前同位也被MIBI观察到。最后,PHF-tau和CD47的平均表达水平在ADNC突触前窗口都高于对照组。

 

图5:MIBI-TOF图像的分析支持了SynTOF的发现

 

 

总 结

 

飞行时间突触测量法(SynTOF)测量不同种属的单突触事件。人类突触的聚类和模式识别显示了预期的疾病特异性差异,如AD中海马病理性tau的增加和LBD中尾状腺多巴胺转运体的减少,并发现AD中海马CD47的增加和DJ1的降低,以及AD中痴呆症的高载脂蛋白。这些结果提示了可以通过SynTOF更深入理解神经退行性疾病。

 

 

参考文献

Phongpreecha T, Gajera CR, Liu CC, et al. Single-synapse analyses of Alzheimer's disease implicate pathologic tau, DJ1, CD47, and ApoE. Sci Adv. 2021;7(51):eabk0473. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk0473

 

编译作者:喵喵brainnews创作团队

校审:Simon(brainnews编辑部)

 

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