2021CSCO:肺癌精准放疗联合免疫治疗的现在与展望

2021-09-28 K.K MedSci原创

全国临床肿瘤学大会又称CSCO学术年会,由中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)等单位主办。第二十四届全国临床肿瘤学大会,即2021年CSCO学术年会,即将于本月25日至29日期间以线上会议的形式召开。

全国临床肿瘤学大会又称CSCO学术年会,由中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)等单位主办。第二十四届全国临床肿瘤学大会,即2021年CSCO学术年会,于本月25日至29日期间以线上会议的形式召开。

CSCO年会在中国肿瘤治疗界的地位,正如ESMO之于欧洲、ASCO和AACR之于美国,是云集了每年最前沿研究进展的盛会。相信很多医生与患者都在关注着这一盛会,期待着这些前沿进展能够将癌症治疗的水平推到一个新的高度。

9月27日,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院惠周光教授进行了题为“肺癌精准放疗联合免疫治疗的现在与展望”的线上学术报告,惠周光教授从放疗联合免疫治疗的机制、临床进展、问题与挑战三个方面进行了详细解读

放疗联合免疫治疗是目前的研究热点之一,仅去年一年,放疗+免疫临床研究在肺癌领域就开展了近80项,且临床热度不减,研究数目仍在攀升。

放疗+免疫治疗的作用机制在于二者的协同作用,放疗能够暴露肿瘤抗原,产生原位疫苗,促进一系列的肿瘤抗原递呈、逆转免疫微环境中的免疫抑制因素,对于免疫治疗有协同促进作用。

肺癌放疗联合免疫治疗进展

一项II期KEYNOTE-799研究评估了帕博利珠单抗联合同步放化疗治疗III期不可切除NSCLC的安全性和疗效。研究分为队列A(鳞癌+非鳞癌)及队列B(仅非鳞癌),治疗过程分三阶段进行,第一周期为化疗+免疫,3周后行第二、三周期化疗+免疫+放疗(其中队列A化疗由3周疗法改为周疗法),随后两队列均接受免疫维持治疗满17个周期。2021 ASCO年会上公布的研究结果显示,队列A的客观缓解率(ORR)为70.5%,队列B为70.6%;两队列的1年PFS率分别为67.7%和65.2%;1年总生存期(OS)率分别为81.2%和88%。两队列3-5级治疗相关不良事件(AE)发生率分别为64.3%和50.0%。该研究表明帕博利珠单抗联合同步放化疗疗效较好,且疗效与PD-L1和病理类型不相关,毒性符合预期。

Ⅲ期NSCLC免疫治疗的探索也在不断拓展中,彭布罗利珠单抗,一种抗PD-1抗体,是转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)作为单药疗法和联合化疗的护理治疗的标准。杜瓦单抗是一种抗PD-L1抗体,在同时进行化疗治疗(CCRT)后,被批准用于不可切除的III期非小细胞肺癌。彭布罗珠单抗联合化疗的早期试验表明,在不可切除的III期非小细胞肺癌患者中,均显示出可接受的耐受性和有前途的无进展生存期(PFS)。早期数据表明,聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)和抗PD-(L)1抑制作用的结合可以增强治疗效果。这项KEYLYNK-012(NCT04380636)研究正在评估彭布罗瑞单抗加化疗,然后使用彭布罗瑞单抗和杜瓦单抗。

还有一项名为EA5181的Ⅲ期临床研究正在评估度伐利尤单抗同步联合同步放化疗比较标准PACIFIC模式治疗Ⅲ期不可切除NSCLC的疗效和安全性,目前已入组90例患者。

放疗联合免疫治疗面临的挑战非常多,主要在于放疗联合免疫治疗需要克服诸多影响因素。在联合免疫治疗的过程中,放疗技术、放疗剂量、分割方式、照射部位、放疗体积、免疫治疗的介入点、免疫药物的选择以及疾病/患者等等问题都需要更充分的临床试验数据论证,道阻且长,行则将至。

参考资料:

1.https://www.sohu.com/a/486222946_120287343

2.https://www.sohu.com/a/452740356_120051442

3. https://www.cn-healthcare.com/articlewm/20210605/content-1228526.html

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    科技推动着医学的发展和进步。

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