Neurology:肌萎缩侧索硬化皮质萎缩与认知及神经精神症状相关

2013-03-26 sunight 丁香园

ALS、ALS-plus与ALS-FTD行为与认知方面的对比 肌萎缩侧索硬化不仅只有运动方面障碍,最新研究发现还有认知及神经精神方面的异常。来自澳大利亚的Eneida Mioshi等学者们描述了有和没有认知及神经精神症状的肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的脑萎缩形态,并与对照组及肌萎缩侧索硬化-额颞叶痴呆(ALS-FTD)组相对比。研究发现,ALS患者皮层萎缩与出现神经精神及认知症状高度相关。 研究共纳


ALS、ALS-plus与ALS-FTD行为与认知方面的对比
肌萎缩侧索硬化不仅只有运动方面障碍,最新研究发现还有认知及神经精神方面的异常。来自澳大利亚的Eneida Mioshi等学者们描述了有和没有认知及神经精神症状的肌萎缩侧索硬化患者的脑萎缩形态,并与对照组及肌萎缩侧索硬化-额颞叶痴呆(ALS-FTD)组相对比。研究发现,ALS患者皮层萎缩与出现神经精神及认知症状高度相关。
研究共纳入57例参与者(ALS22例,ALS-FTD17例,对照组18例),ALS及FTD均符合现在常用的诊断标准。ALS组进一步分为有认知和行为症状组(ALS-plus组,8例)和无症状组。根据诊断标准,ALS-plus组患者不符合ALS-FTD的诊断标准。所有患者均进行了神经心理学和神经精神方面的评价,并进行了脑MRI检查。脑萎缩的类型根据多体素分析确定。
肌萎缩侧索硬化患者皮层萎缩与神经精神及认知改变相关(ALS组与ALS-plus组对比)。ALS-plus组患者在运动及感觉皮层及相邻的额叶及顶叶区域有明显的萎缩,即使经过多重对比校正后这种差异仍存在。相反,单纯ALS患者并没有明显的皮层萎缩,只有脑干的萎缩。重要的是,ALS-plus组的萎缩区域没有ALS-FTD组患者广泛,ALS-plus组患者几乎局限于运动及感觉皮层区域,而ALS-FTD组患者的萎缩包括广泛的额叶及颞叶。
该研究发现,ALS患者的皮层萎缩与出现神经精神及认知症状高度相关。与先前研究结果不符合的原因在于,之前的研究同时包含了有认知障碍及纯运动性的ALS,并没有将两者分开研究。

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize the patterns of brain atrophy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with and without cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, in comparison to controls and patients with ALS-frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
METHODS:
A total of 57 participants (ALS = 22; ALS-FTD = 17; controls = 18) were included, following current ALS and FTD criteria. Patients with ALS were further subclassified into ALS with cognitive and behavioral symptoms (ALS-plus; n = 8) and those without (ALS; n = 14). By definition, ALS-plus did not reach the diagnostic threshold for ALS-FTD. All patients underwent neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric assessments, and underwent a brain MRI. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was conducted to establish patterns of brain atrophy.
RESULTS:
Cortical atrophy in ALS was linked to neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes (ALS-plus vs ALS). Patients with ALS-plus had significant atrophy across motor and somatosensory as well as adjacent frontal and parietal areas, even after strict multiple comparison correction. By contrast, patients with ALS showed no significant cortical atrophy, and only brainstem atrophy. Importantly, atrophy in ALS-plus was not as widespread as in ALS-FTD, with ALS-plus atrophy mostly confined to motor and somatosensory areas, while atrophy in ALS-FTD also included substantial frontal and temporal atrophy.
CONCLUSIONS:
The present findings establish that cortical atrophy in ALS is highly dependent upon neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes. Previous inconsistent findings of cortical atrophy in ALS likely relate to the inclusion of cognitively affected patients and patients with pure motor ALS.

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    2014-01-26 yinhl1978
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    2013-04-16 chendoc252
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