超声诊断镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管伴法洛四联症1例

2019-06-05 高文娟 临床超声医学杂志

孕妇,35岁。孕24+周,孕2产1。既往健康,无家族遗传病史及不良嗜好。常规产前胎儿心脏超声检查:心脏位置正常,心尖指向左前方,心房正位,心室右襻,四腔心观示左右心大小比例对称,左房内可见卵圆孔瓣回声;室间隔上部连续性中断,直径约4.3mm;主动脉起源于左室,升主动脉内径4.4mm,略增宽,前移,骑跨于室间隔断端之上,骑跨率约45%(图1A);升主动脉位于气管的右侧,呈右弓、右降,主动脉弓发出一粗

孕妇,35岁。孕24+周,孕2产1。既往健康,无家族遗传病史及不良嗜好。常规产前胎儿心脏超声检查:心脏位置正常,心尖指向左前方,心房正位,心室右襻,四腔心观示左右心大小比例对称,左房内可见卵圆孔瓣回声;室间隔上部连续性中断,直径约4.3mm;主动脉起源于左室,升主动脉内径4.4mm,略增宽,前移,骑跨于室间隔断端之上,骑跨率约45%(图1A);升主动脉位于气管的右侧,呈右弓、右降,主动脉弓发出一粗大分支在气管前方向左行走(图1B);主肺动脉及其分支内径略窄,主肺动脉动脉内径3.2mm,右肺动脉内径2.2mm,左肺动脉内径2.1mm;三血管切面示升主动脉及其分支、左位动脉导管与肺动脉围成“U”形(图1C);主肺动脉左侧探及一管状回声经冠状静脉窦汇入右房;CDFI:室水平探及右向左分流信号,且左、右心室的血流同时注入主动脉内(图1D)。
 


图1 A:室间隔上段连续性中断,断端骑跨在室间隔上;B:主动脉弓发出的第一分支为左无名动脉,在气管前方向左行走;C:左无名动脉、左位动脉导管与肺动脉围成“U”形;D:左、右心室的血流同时注入主动脉内。图1镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管伴法洛四联症声像图(AO:主动脉;LV:左室;RV:右室;VSD:室间隔缺损;AAO:升主动脉;LIA:左无名动脉;T:气管;LIA:左无名动脉;PA:肺动脉;DA:动脉导管)
 
超声提示:胎儿右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管、法洛四联症及永存左上腔静脉。后经引产病理解剖证实。引产后病理解剖示:胎儿心脏位置正常,房室连接及心室-大动脉连接一致。主动脉弓呈右弓、右降,依次发出左无名动脉、右颈总动脉及右侧锁骨下动脉。左位动脉导管位于气管的左前方,连接于左锁骨下动脉与肺动脉间(图2)。右无名静脉汇入右上腔静脉,左侧无名静脉汇入左上腔静脉。剖开心室,室间隔上部可见直径约5mm的缺损。
 


图2 镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管伴法洛四联症引产后病理解剖图(AO:主动脉;DA:动脉导管;RCCA:右颈总动脉;LCCA:左颈总动脉;LV:左室;RV:右室;AAO:升主动脉;LIA:左无名动脉;LSA:左锁骨下动脉)
 
讨论:
 
镜面右位主动脉弓通常认为胚胎发育时期右主动脉弓及右背动主动脉、左动脉导管持续发育,左锁骨下动脉与降主动脉间的左背主动脉退化,右动脉导管退化形成。常伴有其他心脏畸形,本例合并法洛四联症,是最常见的并发症。主动脉发出分支依次为左无名动脉、右颈总动脉及右侧锁骨下动脉,是正常左位主动脉弓分支的镜像,这类主动脉弓异常不形成血管环或悬带。
 
本例三血管切面观显示主动脉弓位于气管的右侧,主动脉弓发出的一粗大动脉即左无名动脉,为主动脉弓的第一支分支,在气管前方向左行走,左位动脉导管连于左锁骨下动脉与肺动脉间,升主动脉、左无名动脉、左位动脉导管及肺动脉围成“U”形半环状结构,易误诊为不完全血管环,实时超声下观察主动脉弓位于气管的右侧,可见主动脉弓跨过右侧支气管,未包绕气管。
 
原始出处:

高文娟.超声诊断镜面右位主动脉弓、左位动脉导管伴法洛四联症1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2018(03):217.

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患者,女,64岁,因“左侧耳垂、枕部疼痛4d伴左颈部红斑、疱疹1d”于2017年6月16日入院。既往有高血压病史,平时口服“氢氯噻嗪片”“螺内酯”“乐卡地平”,血压控制尚可。患者入院前3d因耳垂、枕部阵发性刀绞般疼痛来我科门诊就诊,当时行颈椎间盘CT示无明显异常,予加巴喷丁胶囊0.3g口服,3次/d,洛芬待因片200mg口服,3次/d,对症治疗,嘱门诊随诊。

超声误诊无功能性甲状旁腺囊肿1例

患者女,53岁,因“无意中发现左侧颈部鸡蛋大肿块1个月”就诊。患者无发热、颈部胀痛,无声嘶、呛咳,无怕热、多汗、手足麻木等症状。超声检查:甲状腺左侧叶下方可见一无回声区,大小约5.7 cm×2.1 cm×2.9 cm,下缘向下延伸至锁骨后方。超声诊断为甲状腺左侧叶下方囊性包块,疑来源于纵隔(图1A)。CT检查:甲状腺左侧叶下极见一囊状低密度影,延伸至上纵隔,边缘光滑清晰,大小约3.4 cm×2.6

Lancet Neurol:超声辅助静脉阿替普酶溶栓的意义

阿替普酶是唯一被批注用于急性缺血性卒中再灌注治疗的药物,越早使用获益越大。但是,尽管采取了药物治疗仍然有一半的患者遗留残疾或死亡,这是由于缺血性损伤的严重程度以及对静脉溶栓的反应较差。

超声诊断羊膜带综合征并发肢体-体腔壁综合畸形1例

患者37岁,孕22周,因“超声检查示胎儿多发畸形”入院。孕期定期产前检查,TORCH、孕12周超声检查、无创DNA检查均未发现异常。否认孕期感染及有害物质接触史。夫妇双方身体健康,无家族畸胎史。孕5产1,育有一女,体健,自然流产1次,人工流产2次。

你能看懂超声报告单中的S/D值吗?

胎儿脐带的解剖结构看起来比较简单,实则包含着造物主赋予的天然的完善的物理机制。简单说来,脐带表面形状像一条滑溜溜的鳝鱼,直径大约 0.8 – 2 cm。

彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿颈部动静脉瘘1例

患者女,26岁,孕22周。于我院超声科接受孕中期畸形筛查。超声检查:于胎儿颈项部皮下见蜂窝状囊性回声区(图1A),彼此相通;CDFI可见血流信号充盈(图1B),部分为动脉频谱,部分为静脉频谱“动脉化”;另可见分别起源于左右侧颈动脉的血管纡曲走形至颈后皮下,汇入颈项部皮下蜂窝状囊性回声区(图1C、1D),该区血流经上腔静脉汇入右心房;胎儿心脏位于左侧胸腔,四腔心可见,心房正位,心室右袢,全心增大,心