Cell:重磅证据!“神药”二甲双胍“抗癌之谜”被破解!

2016-12-28 生物探索 生物探索

导读 糖尿病药物二甲双胍因其抗癌、抗衰老等功效被冠以“神药”之名。科学家们也一直在探索二甲双胍多种疗效背后的机制。近日,发表在《细胞》杂志上一项重要成果揭开了二甲双胍抗癌背后的秘密。

导读 糖尿病药物二甲双胍因其抗癌、抗衰老等功效被冠以“神药”之名。科学家们也一直在探索二甲双胍多种疗效背后的机制。近日,发表在《细胞》杂志上一项重要成果揭开了二甲双胍抗癌背后的秘密。



近年来,有大量的证据表明,广泛用于治疗2型糖尿病的药物二甲双胍能够用于预防癌症或减缓某些癌症的生长。但二甲双胍抗癌作用背后的机制仍不清楚。

12月15日,发表在Cell杂志上题为“An Ancient, Unified Mechanism for Metformin Growth Inhibition in C. elegans and Cancer”的研究中,麻省总医院的科学家小组鉴定出了与二甲双胍阻止人类癌细胞生长和延长线虫寿命相关的一个关键通路。研究人员表示,这意味着这一遗传通路在广泛的生物中扮演了重要角色。

该研究的通讯作者Alexander Soukas博士说:“我们发现,二甲双胍影响了核内分子的运输。这种运输能力的降低转化成了二甲双胍阻断癌症生长的能力,同时,值得注意的是,这一转变还与二甲双胍延长寿命的能力相关。这一研究为二甲双胍促进健康的作用提供了新的见解。”



有大量的研究发现,服用二甲双胍的个体罹患某种癌症以及死于癌症的风险会降低。目前,检测二甲双胍对乳腺癌、前列腺癌和胰腺癌影响的临床试验正在进行中。许多研究小组正致力于鉴定二甲双胍的分子靶点。先前的研究中,Soukas的研究小组观察到,二甲双胍除了能够阻止癌细胞生长,还能延缓线虫的生长。

在这项新研究中,科学家们发现,二甲双胍对抗癌症的作用依赖于单个遗传通路的两个元件:1)核孔复合物(nuclear pore complex),与分子进入或输出核内相关;2)一种称为ACAD10(acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member-10)的酶。具体来说,二甲双胍对线粒体活性发挥抑制作用,从而减少了细胞能量,限制了分子(具体为RagA-RagC GTPase异质二聚体)通过核孔运输。这一过程抑制了一个重要细胞生长分子——mTORC1,导致ACAD10激活,减缓了线虫的生长,延长了寿命。


 Inhibition of mTORC1 by Metformin


在人类黑色素瘤和胰腺癌细胞中,研究人员证实,二甲双胍家族药物的应用诱导了ACAD10的表达。研究证实,限制核孔运输和ACAD10上调都是双胍类药物降低癌细胞生存能力,以及延长线虫寿命所必需的。

Soukas博士说:“我们的实验显示了两个非常重要事情:如果我们强迫核孔保持开放,或者如果我们永久关闭ACAD10,二甲双胍则不再能够阻断癌细胞的生长。这表明,在特定的环境,核孔和ACAD10可能被操纵用于预防或者治疗某种癌症。”

研究人员表示,ACAD10在二甲双胍抗癌作用中的重要贡献是一个有趣的发现。因为,先前有研究表明,ACAD10也与药物的抗糖尿病作用有关。“我们现在对ACAD10非常感兴趣。弄清楚ACAD10如何减缓细胞生长将为寻找癌症治疗新靶点提供新的依据。同时,我们有望通过操纵这一通路,促进健康老龄化。”Soukas说。

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    2017-05-31 维他命
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    2016-12-30 xxxx1054
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1959956, encodeId=ad0e1959956ae, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=21, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed May 31 19:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-05-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1869697, encodeId=d743186969e26, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Tue Apr 11 19:30:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1548992, encodeId=8916154899283, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f7879600061' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#重磅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=96000, encryptionId=f7879600061, topicName=重磅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3acc14121561, createdName=xxxx1054, createdTime=Fri Dec 30 00:30:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=166289, encodeId=46b31662896d, content=现在对ACAD10非常感兴趣。弄清楚ACAD10如何减缓细胞生长将为寻找癌症治疗新靶点提供新的依据。同时有望通过操纵这一通路,促进健康老龄化。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Wed Dec 28 09:57:52 CST 2016, time=2016-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-28 ylzr123

    现在对ACAD10非常感兴趣。弄清楚ACAD10如何减缓细胞生长将为寻找癌症治疗新靶点提供新的依据。同时有望通过操纵这一通路,促进健康老龄化。

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