这种蘑菇,可以缓解癌症患者的“蓝瘦”

2016-12-16 佚名 生物探索

含有裸盖菇素的裸盖菇,被称为“神圣的蘑菇”或“幻觉蘑菇”癌症患者的“蓝瘦”2010年,Dinah Bazer被诊断患有卵巢癌。经过化疗等相应治疗手段后,症状有所缓解。不过随着时间的推移,她变得越来越担心癌症会复发。两年后,她的恐惧感比以往任何时候都更糟。她表示,恐惧正在吞噬着自己的生命,快要毁了她的生活。后来,Bazer听说纽约大学正在开展一项研究:医生使用裸盖菇素(一类具神经致幻作用的神经毒


含有裸盖菇素的裸盖菇,被称为“神圣的蘑菇”或“幻觉蘑菇”

癌症患者的“蓝瘦”

2010年,Dinah Bazer被诊断患有卵巢癌。经过化疗等相应治疗手段后,症状有所缓解。不过随着时间的推移,她变得越来越担心癌症会复发。两年后,她的恐惧感比以往任何时候都更糟。她表示,恐惧正在吞噬着自己的生命,快要毁了她的生活。

后来,Bazer听说纽约大学正在开展一项研究:医生使用裸盖菇素(一类具神经致幻作用的神经毒素,裸盖菇的活性成分)来治疗癌症病人的极端焦虑和抑郁。为此,她加入了这个项目研究试验组并接受了心理学家的咨询与观察。而后有一天,她被注射了合适的高剂量裸盖菇素。

药物起作用后,Bazer感觉自己身在大海中且迷失了方向,在很害怕的时候一位临床医学家握住她的手,给了她安全。这使得她认识到了自己的恐惧来自胸腔,这似乎要吞噬她。于是她开始愤怒、激动甚至是说脏话。

一刻钟后,Bazer的这种恐惧感完全消失了。接下来她感觉到自己被运送到一个充满爱的地方。尽管自己是一个无神论者,但她仍然有一种沐浴在上帝的关爱中……这可能是一种强大的情绪涌上心头。

到如今已经过了四年,Bazer再也没有感觉到过焦虑和恐惧。她感到了前所未有的快乐,并做了很多之前未尝试的事情,喜欢结交新朋友、冥想,变得更加活跃,也更愿意接触世界。

据悉,纽约大学Langone医学中心成瘾精神病学科主任Stephen Ross是这项研究的负责人,第一次听到参与者描述这样的奇闻异事时,他充满了怀疑。但是在看到二三十个患者都有如此反应时,他想,这是惊人的,或许是真有效果。

据美国国家癌症研究所,2016年有超过160万美国人将被诊断出患有癌症,其中以乳腺癌、肺癌和结直肠癌最为常见。其中大约约有15-25%的患者在确诊为癌症之后出现焦虑和抑郁。而《柳叶刀》杂志的一篇文章统计数据显示:癌症相关的心理困扰(焦虑和抑郁症),正折磨着超过40%的患者。

正是这种焦虑和抑郁大大地降低了癌症患者的生活质量,降低了治疗效果,大幅提高了癌症患者的自杀率和死亡率。

科学家证实“蘑菇”起效

“蘑菇”能够拯救癌症患者的“蓝瘦”?这究竟是上帝的庇佑还是存在科学的依据呢?就在本月初发表在《精神药理学杂志》(Journal of Psychopharmacology)上的一篇论文揭示:80%的受试癌症患者在服用裸盖菇素药物后,抑郁、焦虑等绝望和消极情绪得到了显著缓解。

其中的一项研究就是上述的纽约大学Langone医学中心主导,共有29名受试者参与;另一项研究由约翰霍普金斯大学医学院(Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine)精神病学和行为科学教授Roland Griffiths领衔,共有51名受试者参与。


Roland Griffiths教授

纽约大学将处于癌症晚期29名研究对象分为两组:其中一组患者服用实验室制成的裸盖菇素(根据患者的体重,每公斤体重对应0.3毫克的裸盖菇素);另一组患者作为对照组服用的是维生素烟酸。七周后,两组互换药物。观察发现:药物作用“快速、强劲且持续。单次服用对抑郁和焦虑的缓解作用长达七周以上,甚至达到八个月。

约翰霍普金斯大学医学院把患中晚期癌症的51名患者分为两组。在第一阶段,两组分别服用治疗剂量(22mg或者33mg/70kg)和极低剂量(1mg或者3mg/70kg)的裸盖菇素;五周后互换剂量。观察发现:和纽约大学的研究一致,实验结果表明裸盖菇素极大减轻了癌症患者的抑郁焦虑感受或情绪波动,还提高了患者的生活质量、生活意义、死亡接受度和乐观情绪;且这些效果持续了六个月时间。


研究尚未发现裸盖菇素在受试者身上的副作用

Roland Griffiths表示,单次服用一种相对短效的药物就能产生如此快速、强劲和持续的抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用,这确实是前所未有的发现,这简直是开启了精神类疾病研究的新模式。

此外,他还表示:在治疗晚期癌症患者的精神疾病时,传统心理治疗(包括行为治疗和抗抑郁药)可能需要持续几周甚至几个月,很多时候还没有效果;而类似苯二氮卓类的药物,可能会使患者上瘾,甚至产生其他令人不安的副作用。

除了治疗“蓝瘦”,裸盖菇素还有这些功效……

据悉,2014年约翰·霍普金斯大学认知行为治疗计划的一项研究指出:裸盖菇素能使80%的长期吸烟者戒烟。吸烟者在坚持服用2到3个疗程之后(半年时间),15名志愿者中有12名成功地弃烟。尽管样本数很小,但这已达到常规的‘黄金标准药物’的2倍。要知道,目前市场上最有效的禁烟药物瓦伦尼克林在6个月内的成功率约为35%。

今年5月份发表在《柳叶刀精神病学》上的研究指出:英国研究人员发现裸盖菇素对治疗抑郁症有一定效用,未来或许能用于治疗这类情绪病。研究者称它扮演了“思想上的润滑剂”,能“解放”病人,刺激人脑中对血清素的特定受体,因而能改善情绪,令人减少孤单感。

还有有文献指出,含有裸盖菇素的“低剂量药物可用于治疗抑郁、焦虑等身心紊乱病人;高剂量药物对戒除烟、酒、犯罪等不良嗜好有一定的疗效”。

此外,还有研究表明裸盖菇素能治疗丛发性头痛,服用低剂量的裸盖菇素,可以使头痛在几个月甚至一年以上不发作。

科学家呼吁将裸盖菇素纳入医学用品

目前科学研究显示:裸盖菇素在诊断和治疗精神疾病、帮助吸毒者戒毒、辅助心理治疗、抑制病原菌等方面都有作用。

但裸盖菇素被美国毒品局(DEA)归为一级管制药品,也就是说这类药品“不具备广泛认可的医疗用途,且极有可能遭到滥用。”因此Roland Griffiths教授等人呼吁将裸盖菇素纳入医学用品研究。

神奇的裸盖菇素被批准或许不遥远,毕竟就在这项研究发表的前几天,FDA批准了可对创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)采用非法药物——摇头丸(MDMA)。

不过,成也萧何,败也萧何。

也有一些研究人员强调:裸盖菇素本身具有很强的致幻作用,不建议普通人随意使用它自行治疗抑郁症,应在专业指导下进行相关治疗;不恰当地使用裸盖菇素也出现了许多严重的不良反应,会使服用者产生幻觉,采取不可预知的、冒险的举动。

参考资料:

Psilocybin, from magic mushrooms, eases anxiety and depression in cancer patients

Psilocybin: Psychotherapy or drug?

Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial

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    2022-11-04 lifestar

    #裸盖菇素##Psilocybin#)显示出与常见#抑郁症#治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的#成瘾#倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗#抑郁#外,对晚期#癌症#患者,也可能有用,可以用于#临终关怀#

    0

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    2022-11-04 lifestar

    #裸盖菇素##Psilocybin#)显示出与常见#抑郁症#治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的#成瘾#倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗#抑郁#外,对晚期#癌症#患者,也可能有用,可以用于#临床关怀#

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098409, encodeId=33292098409ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=02ab1480308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psilocybin#</a>)显示出与常见<a href='/topic/show?id=91cf549e3f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁症#</a>治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的<a href='/topic/show?id=494254045cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成瘾#</a>倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=0a0b5496306' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁#</a>外,对晚期<a href='/topic/show?id=d8dbe130197' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症#</a>患者,也可能有用,可以用于<a href='/topic/show?id=33292309808' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临终关怀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=14803, encryptionId=02ab1480308, topicName=Psilocybin), TopicDto(id=54973, encryptionId=91cf549e3f1, topicName=抑郁症), TopicDto(id=54045, encryptionId=494254045cf, topicName=成瘾), TopicDto(id=54963, encryptionId=0a0b5496306, topicName=抑郁), TopicDto(id=71301, encryptionId=d8dbe130197, topicName=癌症), TopicDto(id=23098, encryptionId=33292309808, topicName=临终关怀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Fri Nov 04 03:25:03 CST 2022, time=2022-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098408, encodeId=fcfc209840884, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=02ab1480308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psilocybin#</a>)显示出与常见<a href='/topic/show?id=91cf549e3f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁症#</a>治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的<a href='/topic/show?id=494254045cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成瘾#</a>倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=0a0b5496306' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁#</a>外,对晚期<a href='/topic/show?id=d8dbe130197' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症#</a>患者,也可能有用,可以用于<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4e104991f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床关怀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=14803, encryptionId=02ab1480308, topicName=Psilocybin), TopicDto(id=54973, encryptionId=91cf549e3f1, topicName=抑郁症), TopicDto(id=54045, encryptionId=494254045cf, topicName=成瘾), TopicDto(id=54963, encryptionId=0a0b5496306, topicName=抑郁), TopicDto(id=71301, encryptionId=d8dbe130197, topicName=癌症), TopicDto(id=104991, encryptionId=9d4e104991f1, topicName=临床关怀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Fri Nov 04 03:24:45 CST 2022, time=2022-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289514, encodeId=8b8712895146a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 00:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570503, encodeId=f30015e050360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f2288493b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蘑菇#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88493, encryptionId=5f2288493b1, topicName=蘑菇)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=efbb15667433, createdName=楚秀娟, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 00:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=163257, encodeId=f92716325e6b, content=好神奇……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d5a1812418, createdName=ms8253890721363845, createdTime=Fri Dec 16 12:27:52 CST 2016, time=2016-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-18 楚秀娟
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098409, encodeId=33292098409ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=02ab1480308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psilocybin#</a>)显示出与常见<a href='/topic/show?id=91cf549e3f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁症#</a>治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的<a href='/topic/show?id=494254045cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成瘾#</a>倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=0a0b5496306' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁#</a>外,对晚期<a href='/topic/show?id=d8dbe130197' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症#</a>患者,也可能有用,可以用于<a href='/topic/show?id=33292309808' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临终关怀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=14803, encryptionId=02ab1480308, topicName=Psilocybin), TopicDto(id=54973, encryptionId=91cf549e3f1, topicName=抑郁症), TopicDto(id=54045, encryptionId=494254045cf, topicName=成瘾), TopicDto(id=54963, encryptionId=0a0b5496306, topicName=抑郁), TopicDto(id=71301, encryptionId=d8dbe130197, topicName=癌症), TopicDto(id=23098, encryptionId=33292309808, topicName=临终关怀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Fri Nov 04 03:25:03 CST 2022, time=2022-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2098408, encodeId=fcfc209840884, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057690433f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#裸盖菇素#</a>(<a href='/topic/show?id=02ab1480308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psilocybin#</a>)显示出与常见<a href='/topic/show?id=91cf549e3f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁症#</a>治疗药物,此外,裸盖菇素(psilocybin)具有更低的<a href='/topic/show?id=494254045cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#成瘾#</a>倾向和毒性作用,且通常与长期知觉、认知或神经功能障碍没有关系。除治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=0a0b5496306' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抑郁#</a>外,对晚期<a href='/topic/show?id=d8dbe130197' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症#</a>患者,也可能有用,可以用于<a href='/topic/show?id=9d4e104991f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床关怀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90433, encryptionId=057690433f4, topicName=裸盖菇素), TopicDto(id=14803, encryptionId=02ab1480308, topicName=Psilocybin), TopicDto(id=54973, encryptionId=91cf549e3f1, topicName=抑郁症), TopicDto(id=54045, encryptionId=494254045cf, topicName=成瘾), TopicDto(id=54963, encryptionId=0a0b5496306, topicName=抑郁), TopicDto(id=71301, encryptionId=d8dbe130197, topicName=癌症), TopicDto(id=104991, encryptionId=9d4e104991f1, topicName=临床关怀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Fri Nov 04 03:24:45 CST 2022, time=2022-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289514, encodeId=8b8712895146a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbb8e1356f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71356, encryptionId=cbb8e1356f7, topicName=癌症患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=10ba218, createdName=zgwhgch, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 00:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1570503, encodeId=f30015e050360, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f2288493b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蘑菇#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88493, encryptionId=5f2288493b1, topicName=蘑菇)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=efbb15667433, createdName=楚秀娟, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 00:50:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=163257, encodeId=f92716325e6b, content=好神奇……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2d5a1812418, createdName=ms8253890721363845, createdTime=Fri Dec 16 12:27:52 CST 2016, time=2016-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-12-16 ms8253890721363845

    好神奇……

    0

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