直接PCI:是否应常规做血栓抽吸?

2015-01-23 CMT 中国医学论坛报

直接PCI:是否应常规做血栓抽吸? Q付强医师:虽然血栓抽吸可以减轻血栓负荷,但目前对血栓抽吸是否能改善预后仍有争议。既往研究显示,血栓抽吸可降低全因死亡率,但TASTE研究显示血栓抽吸和非血栓抽吸,1年死亡率无显著差异。请问,急性STEMI直接PCI时,是否应常规进行血栓抽吸? A李为民教授、薛竟宜医师:2014年《欧洲心肌血运重建指南》中,血栓抽吸导管应用于STEMI患者直接P

直接PCI:是否应常规做血栓抽吸?

Q付强医师:虽然血栓抽吸可以减轻血栓负荷,但目前对血栓抽吸是否能改善预后仍有争议。既往研究显示,血栓抽吸可降低全因死亡率,但TASTE研究显示血栓抽吸和非血栓抽吸,1年死亡率无显著差异。请问,急性STEMI直接PCI时,是否应常规进行血栓抽吸?

A李为民教授、薛竟宜医师:2014年《欧洲心肌血运重建指南》中,血栓抽吸导管应用于STEMI患者直接PCI的推荐级别仅为Ⅱb,A级证据。虽然已有多个研究结果证实血栓抽吸能显著改善TIMI血流,减少“无复流”和“慢血流”发生率,但血栓抽吸显著降低1年后STEMI患者死亡率和再发心梗的结果主要来自单中心、随机设计的TAPAS研究。而最新公布的多中心、前瞻性、随机对照的TASTE和FAST-MI研究结果显示,常规应用血栓抽吸并不降低直接PCI术后1年死亡率、再发心梗及支架内血栓风险。这一结果在血栓负荷较大的亚组分析中同样得到证实。

为什么血栓抽吸没有提高STEMI患者直接PCI术后1年生存率?可能与微血管功能障碍发生机制有关。研究证实,缺血造成毛细血管破坏和再灌注损伤是导致微血管功能障碍的主要因素,而能够被血栓抽吸减A少的微栓子是微血管功能障碍的辅助因素,因此认为血栓抽吸改善临床预后作用有限。此外,应该肯定血栓抽吸减轻血栓负荷,改善即刻冠脉血流,减少“无复流”和“慢血流”的作用。至于接受直接PCI的STEMI患者远期临床预后是否与血栓抽吸器械、血栓抽吸效率、时机和方法有关,仍需更多大规模临床研究证实。

沈卫峰教授:如何正确看待这些研究结果?首先,导管血栓抽吸操作简单,且在许多情况下,确实能清除较大(多)的血栓。其次,导管血栓抽吸通常并无并发症,使冠脉血流即刻明显改善。而且,某些临床试验也提示,经血栓抽吸后再行直接PCI能有效改善患者的左心室功能和临床预后。因此,在目前的临床实践中,这一方法受到心血管介入医生的亲睐。

重要的是,应该对所有STEMI患者直接PCI前根据梗死相关动脉(IRA)阻塞程度、血流情况以及血栓负荷作风险分层,当IRA粗大、完全阻塞或血管内存在较大血栓负荷时,导管血栓抽吸的疗效显著。相反,当IRA细小、次全阻塞和无明显血栓时,则无需行血栓抽吸。最近的研究指出,导管血栓抽吸时,联合冠脉内用药有望进一步增加IRA开通率、降低无复流发生、缩小心肌梗死大小和改善左室重构。

博斯卡雷利(Boscareli)等指出,血栓负荷大且抽吸失败时,冠脉内注射小剂量替奈普酶或阿替普酶可提高直接PCI后TIMI血流和心肌呈色分级,且不增加出血并发症。有趣的是,我们以往的研究表明,导管血栓抽吸后,冠脉内注射尿激酶的有益作用较替罗非班为差,可能与尿激酶并不抑制冠状循环的血小板功能有关。

总之,尽管STEMI直接PCI联合血栓抽吸的疗效尚有待大规模随机试验(如TOTAL研究)证实,但就目前而言,直接PCI时导管血栓抽吸仍是改善血流和拯救濒危心肌的有用方法。


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    2015-09-30 xuyu
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749115, encodeId=3c2b1e491152a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=843ee2425a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#直接PCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72425, encryptionId=843ee2425a1, topicName=直接PCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cef136235391, createdName=xuyu, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 05:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641492, encodeId=d4f81641492d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ac589111f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓抽吸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89111, encryptionId=2ac589111f5, topicName=血栓抽吸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=975022829100, createdName=12498ca5m90暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 10 20:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16250, encodeId=2ce21625011, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15497, encodeId=fe861549eae, content=我喜欢用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 14:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14648, encodeId=ac7f14648d2, content=抽吸是否仅在闭塞时才用?过度使用可能有哪些危害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 14:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749115, encodeId=3c2b1e491152a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=843ee2425a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#直接PCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72425, encryptionId=843ee2425a1, topicName=直接PCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cef136235391, createdName=xuyu, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 05:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641492, encodeId=d4f81641492d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ac589111f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓抽吸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89111, encryptionId=2ac589111f5, topicName=血栓抽吸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=975022829100, createdName=12498ca5m90暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 10 20:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16250, encodeId=2ce21625011, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15497, encodeId=fe861549eae, content=我喜欢用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 14:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14648, encodeId=ac7f14648d2, content=抽吸是否仅在闭塞时才用?过度使用可能有哪些危害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 14:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-17 chinayinhan

    已阅

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749115, encodeId=3c2b1e491152a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=843ee2425a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#直接PCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72425, encryptionId=843ee2425a1, topicName=直接PCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cef136235391, createdName=xuyu, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 05:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641492, encodeId=d4f81641492d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ac589111f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓抽吸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89111, encryptionId=2ac589111f5, topicName=血栓抽吸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=975022829100, createdName=12498ca5m90暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 10 20:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16250, encodeId=2ce21625011, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15497, encodeId=fe861549eae, content=我喜欢用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 14:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14648, encodeId=ac7f14648d2, content=抽吸是否仅在闭塞时才用?过度使用可能有哪些危害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 14:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-15 午夜星河

    我喜欢用

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749115, encodeId=3c2b1e491152a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=843ee2425a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#直接PCI#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=72425, encryptionId=843ee2425a1, topicName=直接PCI)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cef136235391, createdName=xuyu, createdTime=Wed Sep 30 05:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1641492, encodeId=d4f81641492d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2ac589111f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血栓抽吸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89111, encryptionId=2ac589111f5, topicName=血栓抽吸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=975022829100, createdName=12498ca5m90暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Dec 10 20:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16250, encodeId=2ce21625011, content=已阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=da6b7222, createdName=chinayinhan, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 01:01:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15497, encodeId=fe861549eae, content=我喜欢用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200609/ef6a57dbe7f1489dad7446b7c5217858/d5e4fe65996c4446a029b0f5d056abb1.jpg, createdBy=6b011518214, createdName=午夜星河, createdTime=Sun Feb 15 14:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14648, encodeId=ac7f14648d2, content=抽吸是否仅在闭塞时才用?过度使用可能有哪些危害?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=149, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jan 24 14:23:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-24 lovetcm

    抽吸是否仅在闭塞时才用?过度使用可能有哪些危害?

    0

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