BJH:继发性髓外多发性骨髓瘤高危患者的识别

2021-12-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

具有未来 EMD 发展的 MM 患者显示出在 MM 诊断时已经存在的特定特征(年龄较小、广泛的骨病、IgA 或非分泌型 MM)

 

多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 是第二常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤。它占所有癌症的 1.7% 和所有血液系统恶性肿瘤的 10%。过去的20年中,新颖的药物[蛋白酶抑制剂(PIs),免疫调节药物(各种IMiDs),单克隆抗体等已经显著延长存活(NDMM) 以及复发/难治性 MM (RRMM) 患者。更好的成像技术 [计算机断层扫描 (CT)、正电子发射断层扫描 (PET)、PET-CT 或磁共振成像 (MRI)] 显示出更高的所谓髓外骨髓瘤 (EMD) 检出率。然而,EMD 的原因尚未确定。

EMD分为原发性EMD(MM诊断时发现)和继发性EMD(MM复发时发现),继发性 EMD 的预后较差。根据不理想的治疗结果,临床需要尽早诊断出继发性EMD发展风险高的患者。不幸的是,在继发性 EMD 发生之前,缺乏关于患者临床特征的证据。因此,一研究团队在现实生活中的继发性 EMD 患者组中分析了 EMD 出现之前的病程。

他们在捷克共和国 2005 年至 2017 年间诊断出的 4 985 名 MM 患者中分析了 234 名继发性 EMD 患者,以阐明继发性 EMD 发展的危险因素。

图1:多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 和继发性髓外多发性骨髓瘤 (EMD) 患者在诊断时测量的临床特征。CI,置信区间;CRP,C-反应蛋白;ECOG,东部肿瘤合作组;IGH,免疫球蛋白重链;ISS,国际分期系统;LDH,乳酸脱氢酶;或者,总体反应。

他们发现年龄较小 [<65 岁;优势比 (OR) 4·38,95% 置信区间 (CI):2·46–7·80,P  < 0·0001],高乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH) 水平 (>5 μkat/l;OR 2·07 , 95% CI: 1·51-2·84, P  < 0·0001), 广泛的溶骨活性 (OR 2·21, 95% CI: 1·54-3·15, P  < 0·001), 和免疫球蛋白A(IgA;OR 1·53,95% CI:1·11–2·11,P = 0·009) 或非分泌型 MM (OR 2·83; 95% CI: 1·32–6·04, P  = 0·007) 是 MM 诊断时的主要危险因素二次 EMD 开发。

图2:未来继发性髓外多发性骨髓瘤 (EMD) 发展对不同治疗线中无进展 (PFS) 和总体 (OS) 生存率的影响。CI,置信区间;NDMM,新诊断的多发性骨髓瘤;RRMM,作为复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤。

与没有未来 EMD 的 NDMM 患者相比,新诊断的 MM (NDMM) 患者有后续 EMD 的中位无进展 (PFS) 和总 (OS) 生存率较低 [mPFS:13·8 个月(95% CI:11·4-16) ·3) 对比 18·8 个月(95% CI:17·7–19·9),P  = 0·006;mOS:26·7 个月(95% CI:18·1-35·4)与 58·7 个月(95% CI:54·8-62·6),P  < 0·001]。

总的来说,他们发现具有未来 EMD 发展的 MM 患者显示出在 MM 诊断时已经存在的特定特征(年龄较小、广泛的骨病、IgA 或非分泌型 MM)。在 NDMM 患者中,在 MM 诊断后不久发生继发性 EMD,从一开始就显示出侵袭性的疾病模式。在更多预先治疗的 MM 患者中,继发性 EMD 发展之前的病程与其他 MM 患者相似。在未知事件之后,EMD 可能作为 MM 进化中的一个终端事件发生。无论何时,当 PCs 失去对 BM 微环境的依赖时,病程发生绝对周转,导致过早死亡证实了继发性 EMD 发展是 MM 的一个强大的独立负面预后因素。

 

原始出处:

Stork M, Sevcikova S, Minarik J, Krhovska P, Radocha J, Pospisilova L, Brozova L, Jarkovsky J, Spicka I, Straub J, Pavlicek P, Jungova A, Jelinek T, Sandecka V, Maisnar V, Hajek R, Pour L. Identification of patients at high risk of secondary extramedullary multiple myeloma development. Br J Haematol. 2021 Nov 2. doi: 10.1111/bjh.17925. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34726261.

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    2022-10-01 xzw113
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    2022-09-14 feifers
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    2022-03-18 jml2009
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    2021-12-17 茜14D

    学习了

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    2021-12-16 韩莉莉

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拓展阅读

NEJM:Belantamab Mafodotin、硼替佐米和地塞米松治疗多发性骨髓瘤

Belantamab mafodotin 对复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者具有单药活性,这一发现支持进一步评估该药物与标准治疗相结合的效果。B 细胞成熟抗原 (BCMA) 是治疗多发性骨髓瘤的既定靶点。

Haematologica:郝牧/邱录贵团队揭示抗骨髓瘤细胞免疫治疗新靶点LILRB4及作用机制

该研究首次创新性地提出靶向LILRB4可以实现同时靶向肿瘤细胞和免疫抑制微环境,是理想的MM治疗策略。

Lancet Oncol:IMWG关于多发性骨髓瘤CAR-T治疗和反应评估的共识指南

旨在协调CAR-T的管理,为患者选择、桥接治疗、清淋、反应评估和一般毒性管理提供广泛建议。

ASCO 2024:新诊断多发性骨髓瘤新突破,CD38单抗Isatuximab与VRd联用显著改善无进展生存期(IMROZ 3期研究)

Isatuximab 是一种单克隆抗体,可与多发性骨髓瘤细胞上CD38受体的特异性表位结合,诱导显著的抗肿瘤活性,其通过多种作用机制发挥作用,包括程序性肿瘤细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)和免疫调节活性。

Ann Hematol:以daratumumab为基础的方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤加髓外浆细胞瘤或骨旁浆细胞瘤——意大利多中心观察性临床经验的初步随访

这一分析表明,daratumumab联合治疗可能有助于具有副骨骼特征和不良高危细胞遗传异常的患者。

多发性骨髓瘤中BCMA之外的其他CAR-T靶点

CAR-T细胞疗法已经改变了复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤的治疗前景,尽管大多数患者的初始缓解较深,但抗BCMA CAR-T细胞治疗后复发也较为常见。

2024 NICE 技术鉴定指南:塞利尼索联合地塞米松治疗4次或4次以上治疗后复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤 [TA970]

英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(NICE,National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) · 2024-05-08

2024 IMWG共识指南建议:T细胞结合双特异性抗体治疗多发性骨髓瘤的最佳应用

国际骨髓瘤工作组(IMWG,International Myeloma Working Group) · 2024-05-03