Science:神奇!与过敏症相关联的T细胞也能促进组织再生!

2016-04-18 佚名 生物谷

2016年4月17日/生物谷BIOON/--在一项新的研究中,来自美国约翰霍普金斯大学和肯尼迪-克里格研究所(Kennedy Krieger Institute)的研究人员报道,与过敏症相关联的免疫细胞当与生物材料支架(biomaterial scaffold)配合使用时会直接让小鼠肌肉损伤愈合。这一发现进一步证明免疫系统不仅在抵抗传染性疾病和其他疾病中发挥着关键作用,而且也在损伤后启动愈合过程中发挥着关键作用。研究人员也指出这些设计出的生物材料支架与免疫细胞“形成搭档”时能够更加有效地促进愈合。相关研究结果发表在2016年4月15日那期Science期刊上,论文标题为“Developing a pro-regenerative biomaterial scaffold microenvironment requires T helper 2 cells”。
 
论文通信作者、约翰霍普金斯大学医学院眼科学与生物医学工程教授Jennifer Elisseeff博士说,“在之前的研究中,我们已观察到对植入到不同的组织或环境中的相同生物材料做出的不同免疫反应,这让我们有兴趣研究生物材料会如何刺激免疫系统,促进再生。我们仍然有很多地方需要学习,但是这项研究在设计生物材料引发有益的免疫反应方面迈进了一步。”
 
Elisseeff的研究团队设计可生物降解的由诸如胶原蛋白之类的生物材料制作而成的支架,已证实这种支架有望促进受损组织再生,这种促进部分上是支架给身体自己的干细胞提供附着的地方然后开始它们的再生过程。她说,但是在过去的几年,其他的研究团队已发现证据表明这类支架也会促进免疫细胞的愈合活性。
 
为了更多地了解所涉及的免疫细胞及其它们的免疫反应,当时还是研究生的Kaitlyn Sadtler与Elisseeff实验室的其他研究人员和癌症免疫学专家一起合作开展研究。他们通过外科手术切除小鼠大腿肌肉中的一部分,然后植入已知促进动物伤口愈合的支架。一个星期后,含有支架的伤口位点要比没有支架的伤口位点拥有更多的白细胞,而且许多白细胞大量产生一种化学信号分子:白细胞介素-4(IL-4),这种信号分子通常是由所谓的2型辅助性T细胞(type 2 helper T cell, Th2细胞)所产生的。
 
为了观察这些细胞可能发挥什么作用,研究人员利用经过基因改造缺乏T细胞的小鼠开展同样的实验,结果发现它们的伤口不能产生白细胞介素,也不能像正常小鼠那样愈合。进一步的研究揭示出在伤口位点,Th2细胞激活和教导另一种类型的被称作巨噬细胞的免疫细胞。Sadtler说,“这些T细胞告诉巨噬细胞如何行动,让它们变成促进再生的巨噬细胞。”
 
之前的研究提示着巨噬细胞的几种关键的愈合作用:清除死亡或受损的细胞和其他碎片,招募和支持成体干细胞再生组织,以及促进新的血管形成以便促进新组织再生。但是,Elisseeff说,在支架中的Th2细胞所起到的关键作用令人吃惊:这些T细胞有助抵御肠道蠕虫,但在发达国家,肠道蠕虫经常与触发“不好”免疫反应(如过敏症)相关联。
 
Elisseeff指出仍然需要更多了解免疫细胞如何对可能用作支架的各种生物材料作出反应---一个她的研究团队仍在继续研究的领域。
 
论文共同作者、约翰霍普金斯大学基梅尔癌症中心(Kimmel Cancer Center)肿瘤学教授Drew Pardoll博士说,“这项研究首次证实T细胞在调控组织再生过程中的核心作用,确实是突破性的。我预测这将会被视作为一个转折点:再生免疫学将从一种想法变成一个值得认真研究的领域。而且它为开发显著增强组织再生的全新策略打开大门。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)

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Developing a pro-regenerative biomaterial scaffold microenvironment requires T helper 2 cells

doi:10.1126/science.aad9272

Immune-mediated tissue regeneration driven by a biomaterial scaffold is emerging as an innovative regenerative strategy to repair damaged tissues. We investigated how biomaterial scaffolds shape the immune microenvironment in traumatic muscle wounds to improve tissue regeneration. The scaffolds induced a pro-regenerative response, characterized by an mTOR/Rictor-dependent T helper 2 pathway that guides interleukin-4–dependent macrophage polarization, which is critical for functional muscle recovery. Manipulating the adaptive immune system using biomaterials engineering may support the development of therapies that promote both systemic and local pro-regenerative immune responses, ultimately stimulating tissue repair.

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    2016-04-22 1dea6088m20(暂无匿称)

    淋巴细胞与免疫损伤有关……该文指出存在搭挡时能促进愈合坛加了新认识

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    2016-04-20 jichang
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    2016-04-19 李继凯

    高大上的文章

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