Nat Gene:新方法可诱导肠道细胞生成胰岛素分泌细胞

2012-03-16 MedSci MedSci原创

近日,国际著名杂志《自然-遗传学》Nature Genetics在线刊登了哥伦比亚大学研究人员的最新研究成果 “Generation of functional insulin-producing cells in the gut by Foxo1 ablation,”,研究人员表示,他们找到了一种新方法,无需干细胞移植,可将患者肠道内的细胞诱导生成胰岛素分泌细胞。 I型糖尿病是一种由于胰岛

近日,国际著名杂志《自然-遗传学》Nature Genetics在线刊登了哥伦比亚大学研究人员的最新研究成果 “Generation of functional insulin-producing cells in the gut by Foxo1 ablation,”,研究人员表示,他们找到了一种新方法,无需干细胞移植,可将患者肠道内的细胞诱导生成胰岛素分泌细胞。

I型糖尿病是一种由于胰岛β细胞破坏导致胰岛素分泌功能丧失的自身免疫性疾病。胰腺无法替换这些胰岛β细胞,因此一旦缺失这些细胞,I型糖尿病患者就必须接受胰岛素注射来控制血糖。由于血糖太高或太低都可能危及生命,因此患者不得不一日数次监控他们的血糖水平。

I型糖尿病研究的一个长期目标就是用能够生成胰岛素的新细胞来取代缺失细胞。直到现在,许多的研究人员都将干细胞移植视为替换I型糖尿病缺失细胞,将患者从胰岛素注射治疗中解放出来的理想治疗途径。尽管现在研究人员能够在实验室利用胚胎干细胞生成胰岛素分泌细胞,然而由于这些细胞无法随血糖水平来调控胰岛素分泌因此还不适用于移植治疗。如果将这些细胞导入到患者体内,有可能会引起不适当的胰岛素分泌,从而导致致命性低血糖。

哥伦比亚大学医学中心的ChutimaTalchai博士和DomenicoAccili博士在新研究中证实小鼠肠道中的某种祖细胞具有生成胰岛素分泌细胞的惊人能力。

这种胃肠道祖细胞的正常功能是负责生成各种各样的细胞包括生成5-羟色胺、胃抑肽和其他激素的细胞。

Talchai和Accili发现当他们关闭一种已知在细胞命运决定中发挥重要作用的基因Foxo1时,这种祖细胞就会生成胰岛素分泌细胞。他们发现在发育的早期关闭Foxo1基因,则可生成较多的胰岛素分泌细胞。然而即便是在小鼠成年后关闭这一基因同样也能促使胰岛分泌细胞生成。“我们的结果表明有可能在儿童和成年患者的胃肠道内再生胰岛素分泌细胞。”Accili博士说。

Accili博士补充说:“没人预想会得到这一结果。许多事情是在我们敲除Foxo1后发生的。我们在胰腺中敲除时,并没有事情发生。那么为什么在肠中则有事发生呢?我们为什么不能得到生成其他激素的细胞呢?我们都不清楚。”

肠道中的胰岛素分泌细胞如果不能响应血糖水平来释放胰岛素,将会对人体造成危害。研究人员表示他们证实新肠道细胞具有胰岛素传感受体,因此能够准确地根据血糖水平来生成胰岛素。肠道细胞还可将生成的胰岛素释放到血液中,与正常胰岛素一样发挥作用,使糖尿病小鼠血糖恢复正常。

Accili说:“所有这些研究发现使我们确信,诱导患者肠道生成胰岛素分泌细胞,将成为比胚胎干细胞或iPS细胞治疗更理想的糖尿病治疗方法。此外,这些细胞在肠道中的定位也可以预防糖尿病破坏新的胰岛素分泌细胞,因为胃肠道可部分保护免受免疫系统攻击。”Accili博士说研究发现转变为可行治疗的关键就是要找到对人体胃肠道祖细胞发挥同样效应药物。这应该有可能实现,因为他们已经利用一种化合物抑制Foxo1使祖细胞形成了胰岛素分泌细胞。

Generation of functional insulin-producing cells in the gut by Foxo1 ablation

Chutima Talchai, Shouhong Xuan, Tadahiro Kitamura, Ronald A DePinho & Domenico Accili

Restoration of regulated insulin secretion is the ultimate goal of therapy for type 1 diabetes. Here, we show that, unexpectedly, somatic ablation of Foxo1 in Neurog3+ enteroendocrine progenitor cells gives rise to gut insulin-positive (Ins+) cells that express markers of mature β cells and secrete bioactive insulin as well as C-peptide in response to glucose and sulfonylureas. Lineage tracing experiments showed that gut Ins+ cells arise cell autonomously from Foxo1-deficient cells. Inducible Foxo1 ablation in adult mice also resulted in the generation of gut Ins+ cells. Following ablation by the β-cell toxin streptozotocin, gut Ins+ cells regenerate and produce insulin, reversing hyperglycemia in mice. The data indicate that Neurog3+ enteroendocrine progenitors require active Foxo1 to prevent differentiation into Ins+ cells. Foxo1 ablation in gut epithelium may provide an approach to restore insulin production in type 1 diabetes.

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    2012-08-01 cy0324
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    2012-05-13 baoya
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    2012-10-30 liye789132251
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    2012-05-06 gwc392
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拜耳胰岛素学院研究基金启动通告