Nature:人类更长寿命上限为125岁,不可能再继续增加

2016-10-07 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自美国阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员提出将人寿命延长到超出有记录在案的寿命最长的人已存活的岁数也许是不可能的。相关研究结果于2016年10月5日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Evidence for a limit to human lifespan”。 自从十九世纪以来,由于公共卫生、饮食、环境和其他领域的改善,人类平均寿命几乎持续地在上升。比如,相比于1



在一项新的研究中,来自美国阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦医学院的研究人员提出将人寿命延长到超出有记录在案的寿命最长的人已存活的岁数也许是不可能的。相关研究结果于2016年10月5日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Evidence for a limit to human lifespan”。

自从十九世纪以来,由于公共卫生、饮食、环境和其他领域的改善,人类平均寿命几乎持续地在上升。比如,相比于1900年出生的美国人平均寿命仅有的47岁,如今出生的美国婴儿平均而言有望接近79岁。自从二十世纪七十年代以来,人类的最长寿命---寿命最长的人活到的岁数---也在上升。但是根据阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦医学院研究人员的说法,人类最长寿命的上升趋势有一个上限,而且我们已达到这个上限。

论文通信作者、阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦医学院眼科学与视觉科学教授Jan Vijg博士说,“人口统计学家和生物学家一直在声称没有理由认为人类最长寿命的持续增加将会很快结束。但是我们的数据强烈地提示着它已达到上限,而且这是在二十世纪九十年代发生的。”

Vijg博士和他的同事们分析了来自人类死亡率数据库(Human Mortality Databas)的数据,其中人类死亡率数据库收集了40多个国家的死亡率和人口数据。自从1900年以来,这些国家总体上出现老年死亡率(late-life mortality)下降。每个出生世代(即在特定的年份出生的人)活到老年(定义为70岁及以上)的比例随着他们的出生历年在增加,这表明人类平均寿命在持续增加。

但是当研究人员对1900年以来的100岁及以上的人的存活改善进行研究时,他们发现不论人是哪年出生的,存活改善在100岁左右时达到顶峰,然后快速地下降。Vijg博士说,“这一发现表明降低老年死亡率的效果在降低,而且人类寿命可能存在限制。”

Vijg博士和他的同事们随后研究了来自国际长寿数据库(International Database on Longevity)的“报道的最高死亡年龄”。他们着重关注4个具有最多数量长寿的人的国家(美国、法国、日本和英国)在1968年到2006年之间的经验证活到110岁或以上的人。这些超级百岁老人(supercentenarian)的死亡年龄在二十世纪七十年代到二十世纪九十年代早期之间快速地增加,但是在1995年左右达到顶峰---进一步的证据表明人类寿命存在限制。研究人员注意到,这个顶峰发生于接近1997年的时候---122岁法国女性Jeanne Calment死亡的那一年,她是有史以来记录在案的寿命最长的人。

利用这些报道的最高死亡年龄,研究人员将人类平均最长寿命设置在115岁---这一计算允许记录到的最年长的人的寿命偶尔长于或短于115岁。(他们作出结论,Jeanne Calment是一个统计学上的异常者。)最终,研究人员将125岁计算为人类寿命的绝对上限。换言之,这意味着在一个给定的年份里,在世界上任何一个地方看到一个人活到125岁的概率小于一万分之一。

Vijg博士说,“在抵抗传染病和慢性病上取得的进一步进展可能会继续提高人类平均寿命,但是不会提高人类最长寿命。尽管想象得到治疗上的突破可能会延长人类寿命超出我们计算到的限制,但是这些进展需要克服似乎总体上决定着人类寿命的很多遗传变异。如今正在消耗的用于增加寿命的资源可能应当走向延长健康寿命(healthspan)---老年时处于良好健康的持续时间。”

原始出处:

Xiao Dong,Brandon Milholl and Jan Vijg.Evidence for a limit to human lifespan.Nature (2016) doi:10.1038/nature19793

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    2017-09-19 zhaojie88
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    2016-10-12 1e137bdcm70(暂无匿称)

    寿命延长的基础实要保证良好的医疗,及养老的保险的覆盖,才能让老年人活的有质量

    0

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    2016-10-12 1e137bdcm70(暂无匿称)

    寿命延长未必是件好事,如果生活质量没有保障的

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1881359, encodeId=6e01188135999, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Tue Sep 19 16:21:00 CST 2017, time=2017-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146563, encodeId=85c91465633f, content=寿命延长的基础实要保证良好的医疗,及养老的保险的覆盖,才能让老年人活的有质量, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82351961337, createdName=1e137bdcm70(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 12 11:11:54 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146552, encodeId=40b91465525a, content=寿命延长未必是件好事,如果生活质量没有保障的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82351961337, createdName=1e137bdcm70(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 12 11:10:30 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=143717, encodeId=baa7143e17db, content=谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Oct 10 21:48:35 CST 2016, time=2016-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=143715, encodeId=e8ca143e1506, content=继续关注!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160811/IMG57AC91915ACA64463.jpg, createdBy=9c351934462, createdName=知难而进, createdTime=Mon Oct 10 21:48:13 CST 2016, time=2016-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=142787, encodeId=4073142e8715, content=孙思邈活到141岁呀喂, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib0ibfLXzmp858l5CibMrFYSD8sHicU4sdDmggNOSbc8WUDtxWprlhCkqImskUzwkAHqlkDh4dWIY0Ib0HKEdiaBKA86/0, createdBy=da6b1626076, createdName=lidongyun, createdTime=Sun Oct 09 18:56:17 CST 2016, time=2016-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-10 知难而进

    谢谢分享!

    0

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    2016-10-10 知难而进

    继续关注!

    0

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    2016-10-09 lidongyun

    孙思邈活到141岁呀喂

    0

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