Nature Communications :精子运动可以帮助诊断和治疗男性不育症

2021-07-06 Viho MedSci原创 发表于上海

生殖成功取决于由轴突蛋白介导的微管滑动驱动的高效精子运动。精子细胞由头和尾组成,通过颈部连接。颈部含有两个中心点,一个是靠近细胞核的近端中心点(PC),另一个是位于鞭毛基部的远端中心点(DC)。

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生殖成功取决于由轴突蛋白介导的微管滑动驱动的高效精子运动。精子细胞由头和尾组成,通过颈部连接。颈部含有两个中心点,一个是靠近细胞核的近端中心点(PC),另一个是位于鞭毛基部的远端中心点(DC)。在大多数真核生物中,包括人类、牛和大多数其他哺乳动物,PC呈圆柱形,类似于典型的中心粒。一直以来,中心粒历来被认为是一种刚性结构,像一个减震器。

此前,西班牙托莱多大学Sushil Khanal博士领导的研究发现父亲在受精过程中通过精子捐赠的不是一个而是两个中心粒,新发现的精子结构称为非典型中心粒,可能会导致不孕、流产和出生缺陷该发现改变了生殖生物学的教条。

 近日发表在《自然通讯》上的研究基于此前Sushil Khanal博士的研究进一步发现,精子颈部的非典型中心粒作为一个传输系统,控制着精子头部的抽动,机械地使精子尾部运动与新的头部运动同步,该研究为男性不育症的诊断和治疗策略提供了创新途径。

 该研究使用游动技术来选择用于快速冷冻的牛精子,通过一些列跟踪标识观察精子运动。

FAM161AWDR90是非典型远端中心粒中的蛋白质

 

精子尾巴的跳动与PC和头部位置相关

 研究发现,在哺乳动物的精子中,非典型的远端中心粒(DC)及其周围的非典型中心粒周围基质形成一个动态基底复合体(DBC),促进了一连串的内部滑动变形,将尾部跳动与不对称的头部扭结联系起来。在不对称的尾部跳动过程中,DC的右侧及其周围相对于左侧向右滑动约300纳米。整个DBC的变形被传递到头尾交界处;因此,头部向左倾斜,产生了一个扭结运动。

这些发现表明,DBC演变为一个动态的连接体,将精子的头部和尾部耦合成一个单一的自我协调系统。

 该研究作者,托莱多自然科学和数学学院生物科学教授Tomer Avidor-Reiss博士说:"我们认为精子颈部的非典型中心粒是一种进化创新,其功能是使精子运动得更好。"

原始出处:

Sushil Khanal, Miguel Ricardo Leung, Abigail Royfman, Emily L. Fishman, Barbara Saltzman, Hermes Bloomfield-Gadêlha, Tzviya Zeev-Ben-Mordehai, Tomer Avidor-Reiss. A dynamic basal complex modulates mammalian sperm movement. Nature Communications, 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24011-0

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    2021-12-10 liuli5079
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    2021-07-06 ms1000000672797977

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