Nature:激活CD8+T细胞,为多种自身免疫性疾病提供“庇护伞”

2019-08-11 顾然 生物探索

自身免疫疾病(autoimmune diseases),简单来说,就是机体免疫系统攻击自身组织的疾病,我们也称之为“友军之火(friendly fire)”。如多发性硬化症等都属于自身免疫性疾病。

自身免疫疾病(autoimmune diseases),简单来说,就是机体免疫系统攻击自身组织的疾病,我们也称之为“友军之火(friendly fire)”。如多发性硬化症等都属于自身免疫性疾病。

近日,美国斯坦福大学医学院(Stanford University School of Medicine)研究人员的一项新研究显示,一种很少被研究的免疫细胞(CD8+T细胞)可能与减少引发自身免疫性疾病的错误机制有关。刺激CD8+T细胞或能为自身免疫性疾病带来新的治疗方法。

在这项于8月7日发表在《Nature》杂志上的研究中,研究人员追踪了患有类似多发性硬化症的小鼠血液中的免疫细胞。他们发现CD8+T细胞数量增多——CD8+T细胞通常以杀死感染细胞或癌细胞而闻名。更让人惊讶的是,给小鼠注射这些CD8+T细胞识别的肽,可以降低小鼠疾病的严重程度,杀死致病的免疫细胞。

虽然大部分研究都是在小鼠身上进行的,但研究人员表明,单个细胞的CD8+T细胞增多的情况,也出现在多发性硬化症人类患者的细胞中。


Mark Davis博士

就像跷跷板一样,炎症细胞和抑制性免疫细胞需要保持相互平衡。该研究的资深作者、微生物学和免疫学教授Mark Davis博士说,在自身免疫性疾病期间,选择性激活抑制性CD8+T细胞可能有助于恢复这种平衡。

MOG是“幕后玩家”

根据美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的数据,在大多数情况下,研究人员不知道哪些分子会引发自身免疫性疾病,多发性硬化症也不例外。但研究人员可以通过注射一种叫做髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)的蛋白质或多肽来引发类似的疾病,建立动物实验模型。被注射MOG的小鼠,会像多发性硬化症患者一样出现瘫痪症状。

研究人员使用这种疾病的小鼠模型来研究不同的免疫细胞在自身免疫过程中所起的作用。他们追踪了注射MOG的小鼠体内各种免疫细胞的数量。结果发现,T细胞的数量像波浪一样起伏变化,它像将军一样指挥着免疫反应背后的整体规模和策略。

“当T细胞遇到病原体或抗原时,识别病原体某些部分的单细胞分裂并产生许多自身拷贝,”该研究的第一作者Naresha Saligrama博士说,“这表明,特定的细胞群正在响应。”



但是这些响应的T细胞对什么有反应呢?Saligrama首先测试了最明显的“嫌疑人”:MOG。他将T细胞暴露于350种MOG多肽中。但是当MOG导致一些T细胞增殖时,有一组CD8+T细胞对任何肽都没有反应。因此,研究人员把网撒得更广:他们测试了大约50亿个MOG肽。Davis说,“我们想知道,随着疾病的发展,T细胞对什么感兴趣。”

抑制性CD8+T细胞

研究人员最终发现了两种与CD8+T细胞相关的肽。为了解这些肽的作用,他们在MOG前后或与MOG同时注射到小鼠体内。由于CD8+T细胞主要以杀死癌细胞和感染细胞而闻名,所以研究人员猜测,注射后CD8+T细胞被激活并使病情恶化。但事实证明他们错了——给小鼠注射这两种多肽激活CD8+T细胞,可以持续减少或预防小鼠的疾病。

这一惊人的发现让研究人员追溯到了上世纪70年代首次提出的一个观点:某些CD8+T细胞具有免疫抑制作用。“抑制性CD8+T对免疫学的作用就像泰坦尼克号对游轮行业的所做出的贡献一样,”Davis说。

Davis和他的同事们发现,这些肽激活的CD8+T在培养皿中一起生长时,通过在细胞膜上打孔来杀死致病的T细胞。

为了确定他们对小鼠的观察是否适用于人类,研究人员从多发性硬化症患者和健康献血者的血液中分离出CD8+T。他们发现,患有这种疾病的人往往有大量相同的CD8+T细胞——就像患有类似疾病的小鼠一样。这表明,多发性硬化症中的CD8+T正在寻找某种东西,Davis的团队试图揭开这个谜题,以及研究它们中的一些是否具有抑制作用。

研究人员还计划测试抑制性CD8+T是否与其他自身免疫性疾病有关。Davis实验室之前的发现表明,类似的机制可能在腹腔疾病中起作用。这些研究或有助于揭示自身免疫性疾病的工作原理,并发现新的治疗靶点。

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    2020-01-10 liye789132251
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    2020-07-05 gds2009
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883830, encodeId=4487188383009, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jan 10 17:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784058, encodeId=50b81e84058b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b5c564252' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#D8+T#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5642, encryptionId=4b5c564252, topicName=D8+T)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f612331, createdName=gds2009, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580161, encodeId=bbb8158016133, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd2529020e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29020, encryptionId=bd2529020e1, topicName=免疫性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df0516593209, createdName=124988c7m100暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1605397, encodeId=944d160539e20, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c9436340' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CD8#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4363, encryptionId=94c9436340, topicName=CD8)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4bac19388006, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371139, encodeId=67bc3e11393d, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 06:00:28 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371133, encodeId=b38c3e1133b4, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 12 02:17:44 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371131, encodeId=39ae3e113174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCEEr4dM45RatXXGAkFCicnNYiasFiaRicicO1YWsIeTFOhgapauqib8Z8TChNB3ttVC5RqNHptDvAxA72Q/0, createdBy=a82a1611288, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 00:15:59 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371126, encodeId=43eb3e1126b9, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 23:05:52 CST 2019, time=2019-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883830, encodeId=4487188383009, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jan 10 17:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784058, encodeId=50b81e84058b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b5c564252' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#D8+T#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5642, encryptionId=4b5c564252, topicName=D8+T)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f612331, createdName=gds2009, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580161, encodeId=bbb8158016133, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd2529020e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29020, encryptionId=bd2529020e1, topicName=免疫性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df0516593209, createdName=124988c7m100暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1605397, encodeId=944d160539e20, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c9436340' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CD8#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4363, encryptionId=94c9436340, topicName=CD8)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4bac19388006, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371139, encodeId=67bc3e11393d, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 06:00:28 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371133, encodeId=b38c3e1133b4, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 12 02:17:44 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371131, encodeId=39ae3e113174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCEEr4dM45RatXXGAkFCicnNYiasFiaRicicO1YWsIeTFOhgapauqib8Z8TChNB3ttVC5RqNHptDvAxA72Q/0, createdBy=a82a1611288, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 00:15:59 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371126, encodeId=43eb3e1126b9, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 23:05:52 CST 2019, time=2019-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-12 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883830, encodeId=4487188383009, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Fri Jan 10 17:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1784058, encodeId=50b81e84058b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b5c564252' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#D8+T#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5642, encryptionId=4b5c564252, topicName=D8+T)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f612331, createdName=gds2009, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:54:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1580161, encodeId=bbb8158016133, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bd2529020e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫性疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=29020, encryptionId=bd2529020e1, topicName=免疫性疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df0516593209, createdName=124988c7m100暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1605397, encodeId=944d160539e20, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94c9436340' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CD8#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4363, encryptionId=94c9436340, topicName=CD8)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4bac19388006, createdName=ms691033630344116, createdTime=Tue Aug 13 13:54:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371139, encodeId=67bc3e11393d, content=好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 06:00:28 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371133, encodeId=b38c3e1133b4, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6d551998554, createdName=1e1c07bdm01(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Aug 12 02:17:44 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371131, encodeId=39ae3e113174, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLCEEr4dM45RatXXGAkFCicnNYiasFiaRicicO1YWsIeTFOhgapauqib8Z8TChNB3ttVC5RqNHptDvAxA72Q/0, createdBy=a82a1611288, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 00:15:59 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371126, encodeId=43eb3e1126b9, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=00501987275, createdName=130****4638, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 23:05:52 CST 2019, time=2019-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-12 yydlt

    学习了

    0

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    2019-08-11 130****4638

    学习了,谢谢分享。

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