Ann Hematol:强化免疫抑制疗法联合脐带血治疗重度再生障碍性贫血的多中心试验

2022-06-10 网络 网络

该研究结果表明,与标准 IST 相比,IIST-UCB 作为没有 HLA 相同供体的 SAA 患者的有效疗法,可加速造血重建,从而提高早期 CR 率。

重度再生障碍性贫血(SAA)是一种以造血干细胞凋亡失调和全血细胞减少为特征的骨髓衰竭性疾病,引起出血和感染,是导致早期死亡的主要原因。对于没有人类白细胞抗原(HLA)相同供体的严重再生障碍性贫血 (SAA) 患者,免疫抑制治疗 (IST) 是一种有效的治疗方案。一研究团队在研究表明IST联合脐带血输注(IIST-UCB)有效治疗的基础上,进一步比较了IST和IIST-UCB在SAA中的疗效。

该研究于 2016 年 7 月至 2018 年 12 月进行,是一项多中心研究,一共有来自中国 11 家医院的 123 名患者入组。IIST-UCB组有69例患者,采用抗淋巴细胞球蛋白(ATG)+环孢菌素A(CsA)+环磷酰胺(CTX)联合脐带血治疗;IST组有54例患者,采用ATG+CsA治疗。

表1:3 个月和 6 个月后的临床反应 [病例 (%)]。

表2:12个月后的临床反应 [病例 (%)]。

统计分析得出,IIST-UCB组和IST组3个月总缓解率(ORRs)、完全缓解率(CR)和部分缓解率(PR)分别为69.67% vs 51.85%(P  =0.045)、21.74% vs 3.7% ( P  = 0.004) 和 47.83% vs 48.15% ( P = 0.972)。治疗 6 个月后,分别为 76.81% vs 57.41% ( P  = 0.022)、37.68% vs 11.11% ( P  = 0.001) 和 39.13% vs 46.30% ( P  = 0.425)。治疗 1 年后,分别为 85.51% vs 61.11% ( P  =0.002)、59.42% vs 25.93% ( P  <0.001) 和 26.09% vs 35.19% ( P = 0.275)。IIST-UCB组治疗3个月、6个月和1年的ORR和CR率均显着高于IST组。IIST-UCB组中性粒细胞、血小板和血红蛋白恢复时间明显短于IST组。

进一步分析两组并发症的发生率,生存率和影响因素的单变量和多变量分析:

 

图1:在患者中达到a(ANC 反应)、b (HB 反应)和c(血小板计数反应)的天数。进行 Kaplan-Meier 曲线分析和对数秩检验以评估各组中达到 ANC、血小板和 HB 反应所需的天数。* P  <0.05 被认为差异有统计学意义

图2:比较两组并发症发生率。通过卡方检验评估两组之间的差异。

图3:组间的总生存期和无事件生存期。进行 Kaplan-Meier 曲线分析和对数秩检验以评估这两组的生存差异。

总之,脐带血被证明对造血恢复、骨髓造血微环境和严重感染IST有益。此外,与 HSCTUCB 相比,它显示出的优势包括对 HLA 匹配的要求较低、没有 GVHD 等相关并发症、来源丰富且可用性高等。该研究表明,当没有 HLA 相同的供体时,IIST-UCB 可以作为一种安全有效的 SAA 治疗方法。

 

 

原始出处:

Zhou, F., Zhang, F., Zhang, L. et al. A multicentre trial of intensive immunosuppressive therapy combined with umbilical cord blood for the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia. Ann Hematol (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-022-04864-1

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