Neurology:多学科讨论:脑微出血如何指导合并AF的卒中患者抗凝决策?

2017-12-05 吴星 环球医学

华法林或非维生素K口服抗凝药(NOACs)长期使用预防非瓣膜性房颤(AF)患者缺血性卒中非常有效。但关于颅内出血(ICH)的担心——死亡和出血并发症是抗凝决策制定的主要推动力。2017年11月发表在《Neurology》的合并AF的卒中患者的meta分析,考察了脑微出血(CMB)、抗凝和出血风险之间的相关性。

华法林或非维生素K口服抗凝药(NOACs)长期使用预防非瓣膜性房颤(AF)患者缺血性卒中非常有效。但关于颅内出血(ICH)的担心——死亡和出血并发症是抗凝决策制定的主要推动力。2017年11月发表在《Neurology》的合并AF的卒中患者的meta分析,考察了脑微出血(CMB)、抗凝和出血风险之间的相关性。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

目的:旨在评估服用口服抗凝药的合并非瓣膜性AF的缺血性卒中患者中,CMB和将来自发性ICH风险之间的相关性。

方法:这是一项队列研究的meta分析,研究对象为最近缺血性卒中合并AF的>50岁的患者。患者于基线进行了脑部MRI,进行长期口服抗凝药治疗,随访期≥6个月。作者提供了总体水平的卒中结局数据,并根据CMB状态进行分层。研究者通过泊松回归评估了汇总的年化ICH和缺血性卒中发生率。研究者计算了根据CMB存在/不存在、≥5个CMB、CMB形态(单纯脑叶出血、混合部位、单纯深部出血)进行分层的ICH的比值比(OR)。

结果:研究者建立了国际协作组,并从8个中心汇总数据,包括1552例患者。粗的CMB患病率为30%,≥5个CMB的患病率7%。基线CMB患病率(vs无CMB)与随访期ICH相关(OR,2.68;95% 置信区间[CI],1.19~6.01;p=0.017)。存在≥5个CMB与较高的将来ICH风险相关(OR 5.50;95% CI 2.07~14.66;p=0.001)。汇总的年化ICH发病率从CMB阴性患者的0.30%(95% CI,0.04~0.55)增加到CMB阳性患者的0.81%(95% CI 0.17~1.45)(p=0.01)和≥5个CMB患者的2.48%(95% CI 1.2~6.2)(p=0.001)。CMB与复发性缺血性卒中之间无相关性。

结论:MRI显示,存在CMB和≥5个CMB的二分化截止点会识别出具有较高ICH风险的合并AF的缺血性卒中患者亚组,今后的验证有助于在抗凝决策中进行风险分层,并指导随机试验和正在进行的大型观察性研究。

多学科讨论记实

这是口服抗凝药(主要华法林)治疗的AF的缺血性卒中患者中CMBs相关性的大规模meta分析,这是临床意义挥之不去的问题。在本研究中,研究者收集了>1500名患者的小组层面数据。最重要的新发现是,CMBs出现≥5%,不管它们的分布,确定了ICH特别高危的一个患者组。这些患者之后发生ICH风险为2.8%/年,可能已经足够高到考虑抗凝决策制定。

这些结果与关于卒中CMBs的既往meta分析基本符合。一项卒中患者的横断面meta分析显示,华法林或抗血小板相关ICH的CMBs比无既往抗血栓药物使用的自发性ICH更常见。一项10个前瞻性缺血性卒中或TIA队列(n=3067)的近期meta分析显示,任何CMB的出现与ICH更高风险相关。这些结果被一项纳入类似队列的更近期的meta分析(n=5068),其结果显示,当CMB负担增加(与无CMBs相比),ICH风险的增加比缺血性卒中更急剧。然而,大部分患者无AF,只接受抗血小板药物治疗。

本研究水平数据法的一个可能重要的局限性是,与未来AF中卒中风险相关的其他基线变量使评估混杂,包括年龄、卒中史、同时使用阿司匹林、基线急性卒中后开始口服抗凝药的时机、患者对抗凝药的依从性以及时间范围。此外,基线卒中严重程度和功能状态的数据不可及,尽管患者身体足够好,可进行MRI、出院时口服抗凝药而且可以临床随访。尽管研究者尽最大努力校正了meta回归分析中的某些可及混杂因素,但是不太可能解释不同变量之间的全部相互作用。因此,当前分析没有适当解释血管风险因素或其他变量的潜在混杂。

原始出处

Charidimou A, Karayiannis C, Song TJ, et al. Brain microbleeds, anticoagulation, and hemorrhage risk: Meta-analysis in stroke patients with AF.Neurology. 2017 Nov 8. pii: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004704. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000004704.

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    2017-12-25 yinhl1978
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    2017-12-06 Jackie Li

    学习

    0

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    2017-12-05 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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已有的研究表明,大脑胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取(GU)在肥胖和胰岛素抵抗受试者中增加,但在体重减轻后能够恢复正常,同时全身胰岛素敏感性也会有所改善。