Biochem J:肿瘤恶液质的治疗:靶向、营养和锻炼

2017-10-18 翱宇 癌度

肿瘤恶液质,也称为恶病质,表现为极度消瘦,皮包骨头,贫血、无力,完全卧床,生活不能自理,全身衰竭,极度痛苦。

肿瘤恶液质,也称为恶病质,表现为极度消瘦,皮包骨头,贫血、无力,完全卧床,生活不能自理,全身衰竭,极度痛苦。

大家比较熟悉的苹果公司创始人乔布斯有一张照片,身体非常消瘦。


如上图,乔布斯受病魔折磨身体消瘦。恶液质主要表现为厌食症和代谢改变,患者不能耐受葡萄糖、身体脂肪减少、肌肉蛋白分解大于合成。

而目前的营养方法并不能逆转恶液质,也就是看到患者消瘦的样子,寄希望补充营养来治疗是不怎么有效的(即使是肠外营养也是如此)。

一些有希望的治疗方法包括生长素释放肽激动剂、选择性雄激素受体激动剂、β-受体阻滞剂和抗肌营酯肽。最重要的是使用多靶点的治疗药物对治疗恶液质是绝对必要的,治疗药物搭配营养、适当的体育锻炼计划,可以产生协同,以逆转恶液质。

关于癌症恶液质的文章很多,今天给大家编译的文章来源于一篇最新发布的文献,也就是靶向药物对癌症恶液质究竟有什么办法。



如上图所示,我们首先需要理解恶液质是一个涉及多个器官的综合征,因此逆转这个状况靠营养补充是不能逆转的,这一点尤为需要注意。当然表现是骨骼肌等分解代谢大于合成,因此不同治疗方法集中在增加食物摄入量、逆转分解代谢、增加癌症患者的合成代谢驱动力等方面。



上图是从代谢的角度治疗恶液质的策略,我们可以看到这里有很多种药物,可能作用的靶点都是不同的,这也反映出恶液质的治疗的困难程度,即广大病友切记治疗需要和医生做深入沟通、获取最佳治疗建议,而不要寄希望去寻找一种神药,立竿见影地逆转了恶液质。

关于恶液质的治疗的靶向药物倒是有很多正在开展临床试验,如阿拉莫林、卡非佐米、塞来昔布、依那西普、来那度胺、鲁索利替尼、西地那非、沙利度胺等等,有余力的朋友可以参考这篇文章的参考文献去学习。但是所有这些药物都不可能彻底逆转恶液质,至少目前看的结果是如此,那么该怎么办呢?



如上图所示,恶液质是涉及多个器官的疾病,对于其治疗也是需要多种策略互补搭配。过去几年的研究结论已经很清楚地表明,几乎不可能找到一种万能的“魔法子弹”或者说“神药”,一下子就彻底逆转恶液质,恶液质的治疗需要营养、药物和体育锻炼等多种策略。

而且已经很清楚地表明,不管患者是否具有恶液质,适当的运动计划都能够提高他们的生活质量,这里的机制可能是运动改变了人体的代谢,增加了体重。

一项III期临床试验正是这种多策略结合的形式,招募的对象是肺癌、胆管癌、胰腺癌患者,治疗策略包含营养咨询、口服营养补充剂、体力活动计划和抗炎症治疗,使用的药物包含塞来昔布(200mg/天)、左旋肉碱(2g/天)、姜黄素(4g/天)和乳铁蛋白(200mg/天),对照组则是使用安慰剂,临床试验时间是3个月,结果表明这可以改善癌症恶液质患者的营养、代谢和贫血情况,提高了患者的生活质量。

上面这一临床试验使用了多种药物,其中塞来昔布是用来抗击炎症,左旋肉碱用来调节细胞能量代谢,姜黄素是用来抗炎和抗氧化,而乳铁蛋白具有调节贫血患者的铁的代谢能力。这一综合多种治疗措施的抗恶液质治疗确实起到了作用。

本篇文章汇总了目前的恶液质的治疗,也是寄希望改变病友们的一个误区,也就是希望找到一种万能的“神药”可以解决肿瘤的恶液质,其实这个世界上真是没有神药,肿瘤的恶液质应该在在很早就有诊断意识、而且将其纳入到癌症治疗的整体计划中来,通过营养补充、适当体力锻炼等搭配合适的药物,来缓解恶液质的症状。

原始出处:
Josep M. Argiles,et al. Novel targeted therapies for cancer cachexi. Biochemical Journal. Jul 2017.

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2089451, encodeId=888220894510d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa0582e6946' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=e96b529e45a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶液质#</a>,也称为<a href='/topic/show?id=f07d529e6ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶病质#</a>,表现为极度消瘦,皮包骨头,贫血、无力,完全卧床,生活不能自理,全身衰竭,极度痛苦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82769, encryptionId=aa0582e6946, topicName=肿瘤), TopicDto(id=52974, encryptionId=e96b529e45a, topicName=恶液质), TopicDto(id=52976, encryptionId=f07d529e6ca, topicName=恶病质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 06:29:14 CST 2022, time=2022-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917708, encodeId=72a1191e7084a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 18:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=288690, encodeId=73da28869051, content=如果出现恶病质应该怎么办呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIsVqicRvr1dQpibicRLejajNvXNvrHInicBQVq4cQbqOeRxuObR0gdYTibNHstBiappWf6VEXxyXT1Dyfg/132, createdBy=5b792271978, createdName=15221a8a23m, createdTime=Sat Feb 17 12:49:33 CST 2018, time=2018-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254185, encodeId=4a2f25418598, content=肿瘤营养也不容小觑!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 19 06:46:15 CST 2017, time=2017-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254029, encodeId=a2fe25402936, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Wed Oct 18 13:49:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-21 小小医者

    #肿瘤##恶液质#,也称为#恶病质#,表现为极度消瘦,皮包骨头,贫血、无力,完全卧床,生活不能自理,全身衰竭,极度痛苦。

    0

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    2018-06-21 sunylz
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2089451, encodeId=888220894510d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aa0582e6946' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=e96b529e45a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶液质#</a>,也称为<a href='/topic/show?id=f07d529e6ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#恶病质#</a>,表现为极度消瘦,皮包骨头,贫血、无力,完全卧床,生活不能自理,全身衰竭,极度痛苦。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82769, encryptionId=aa0582e6946, topicName=肿瘤), TopicDto(id=52974, encryptionId=e96b529e45a, topicName=恶液质), TopicDto(id=52976, encryptionId=f07d529e6ca, topicName=恶病质)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Wed Sep 21 06:29:14 CST 2022, time=2022-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917708, encodeId=72a1191e7084a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Thu Jun 21 18:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=288690, encodeId=73da28869051, content=如果出现恶病质应该怎么办呢?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIsVqicRvr1dQpibicRLejajNvXNvrHInicBQVq4cQbqOeRxuObR0gdYTibNHstBiappWf6VEXxyXT1Dyfg/132, createdBy=5b792271978, createdName=15221a8a23m, createdTime=Sat Feb 17 12:49:33 CST 2018, time=2018-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254185, encodeId=4a2f25418598, content=肿瘤营养也不容小觑!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20170803/IMG5982F7A3DBB3C1061.jpg, createdBy=0ba51605600, createdName=Jianghuiqin, createdTime=Thu Oct 19 06:46:15 CST 2017, time=2017-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=254029, encodeId=a2fe25402936, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Wed Oct 18 13:49:02 CST 2017, time=2017-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-17 15221a8a23m

    如果出现恶病质应该怎么办呢?

    0

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    2017-10-19 Jianghuiqin

    肿瘤营养也不容小觑!

    0

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    2017-10-18 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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