iScience:脂肪细胞在认知能力下降和神经退行性疾病中起核心作用

2021-10-27 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

脂肪细胞内的 Na,K-ATPase 信号通路参与多种代谢疾病的发病机制,而系统给药NaKtide,可有效减轻氧化应激、炎症和退行性变表型。但尚不清楚内源性NaKtide在肥胖和大脑病变中的作用。

神经元表达各种脂肪因子的受体,暗示脂肪组织释放的因子有可能直接与大脑沟通。阿尔兹海默症是最常见的神经退行性疾病,与肥胖相关的代谢变化和炎症状态增加可导致中枢神经系统受损,从而导致神经死亡和神经元突触可塑性改变,这种代谢功能障碍增加了发生阿尔兹海默症的风险。

脂肪细胞内的 Na,K-ATPase 信号通路参与多种代谢疾病的发病机制,而系统给药NaKtide,可有效减轻氧化应激、炎症和退行性变表型。但尚不清楚内源性NaKtide在肥胖和大脑病变中的作用。

近日,马歇尔大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 iScience 上发表了题为:Role of Adipocyte Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration 的研究论文。

该研究表明,脂肪细胞控制着对大脑功能的全身反应,导致小鼠记忆力和认知能力受损。Na,K-ATPase 信号通路的激活会影响脂肪细胞和海马中重要蛋白质标志物的表达,这会恶化大脑功能并导致神经变性。

靶向脂肪细胞以对抗 Na,K-ATPase 可能会改善这些结果,如果这一观察结果在人类中得到证实,脂肪细胞Na,KATPase 可能会成为神经退行性疾病治疗的临床靶点。

首先,研究团队构建了在脂联素启动子控制下以四环素(TET)依赖方式(TET-On)表达NaKtide的转基因小鼠。强力霉素会激活脂联素启动子并在脂肪细胞中特异性过表达NaKtide多肽,NaKtide抑制了 Na,K-ATPase 的信号传导功能。与喂食正常食物的小鼠相比,喂食西式饮食的小鼠血浆炎症因子、体重和血糖显着增加。然而,强力霉素诱导的脂肪细胞特异性NaKtide过表达显着减缓了喂食西式饮食小鼠炎症因子、体重和血糖的增加。

 

通过ELISA测定NaKtide的浓度,研究团队进一步证实了在内脏脂肪组织中存在强力霉素诱导的NaKtide表达。有研究证明,活性氧(ROS)启动Na,K-ATP酶α1亚基的蛋白质羰基化,随后Src磷酸化,并激活下游信号级联,同时调节细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)。他们观察到,西式饮食喂养的小鼠内脏脂肪组织中的蛋白质羰基化和磷酸化Src显着增强,Na,K-ATP酶的α1亚基表达下调,α2亚基上调,炎症因子释放增加,而这些都被强力霉素诱导的NaKtide过表达所逆转。

接下来,研究团队通过几种认知测试评估了小鼠的学习和记忆能力。他们观察到,喂食西式饮食的小鼠学习能力和记忆力有所降低,强力霉素诱导的NaKtide过表达逆转了这些变化。随后,他们解剖了小鼠的大脑,发现在西式饮食喂养的小鼠海马中,蛋白质羰基化水平和炎性细胞因子IL-6和TNFα水平以及淀粉样蛋白显着增加,这被强力霉素诱导的NaKtide过表达减弱。

最后,为了研究西式饮食对脑转录组的影响,研究团队对小鼠海马进行了RNA测序。西式饮食诱导了包括AKT、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、白细胞介素1受体(IL1R)、胰岛素受体底物1(IRS1)、RAS、整合素α5(Itga5)、脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)-1和4基因表达的显着变化,所有这些都被强力霉素诱导的脂肪细胞特异性NaKtide过表达所逆转。

综上,这项工作发现小鼠模型中脂肪细胞特异性NaKtide多肽过表达改善了胰岛素抵抗、炎症和神经退行性表型,证实了脂肪细胞的Na,K-ATPase信号通路在诱导大脑海马体的改变方面发挥核心作用,揭示了对脂肪细胞在阿尔茨海默病中的作用的新见解。

原始出处:

Sodhi, K., Pratt, R., Wang, X.,et al. Role of Adipocyte Na,K-ATPase Oxidant Amplification Loop in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration, ISCIENCE(2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103262.

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    2021-10-29 jichang
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    2021-10-29 yankaienglish

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