JAMA Oncol:每月补充高剂量维生素D真的可以降低患癌风险么??

2018-07-24 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

既往研究提示维生素D(VitD)可能可以降低患癌风险,目前关于VitD补充与癌症发病风险的关系,尚无定论。近期发表在《JAMA Oncology》杂志的研究,对一项大型社区随机对照研究进行了事后分析,以探索VitD补充是否可以降低癌症发病风险。

既往研究提示维生素D(VitD)可能可以降低患癌风险,目前关于VitD补充与癌症发病风险的关系,尚无定论。近期发表在《JAMA Oncology》杂志的研究,对一项大型社区随机对照研究进行了事后分析,以探索VitD补充是否可以降低癌症发病风险。

背景:1980s的生态学研究显示,日照(VitD的主要来源)和一些癌症发病风险呈负相关,提示VitD可能可以降低患癌风险。之后,来自队列研究的荟萃分析进一步提示,基线较低的25-OH-D浓度与后续更高的患癌风险相关,尤其是更高的结直肠癌发病风险。然而,近期来自孟德尔的随机研究结果并不一致,2项研究显示,遗传上更低的25-OH-D浓度与更高的癌症病死率和卵巢癌发病风险相关,但在第3项研究者并没有其与其他特定类型癌症相关。

来自VitD补充的随机研究结果也不尽相同。妇女健康倡议(WHI)研究并未发现每日补充VitD和钙可以降低结直肠癌、乳腺癌和其他浸润性肿瘤的发病风险,这可能是因为每日仅给予低剂量的VitD(400IU/天)。与之相反,之后两项来自同一个研究团队的研究,给予每日更高剂量的VitD(2000IU/天)和钙补充,发现治疗组患者各类癌症的发病率显着下降。两项研究均发现在随机后1年才观察到VitD的生存获益。

鉴于既往研究关于VitD补充和癌症发病率的相关研究有限,本研究对一项大型社区随机对照研究进行了事后分析,以探索VitD补充是否可以降低癌症发病风险。这一对照研究的最初目的为评估VitD补充与心血管疾病发病率的关系。基于既往研究提示,VitD补充可以降低癌症病死率而非癌症发病率,本次分析同时纳入了癌症病死率作为次要终点。

方法:VitD评估(ViDA)研究是一项随机、双盲、安慰剂控制的研究,于2011年3月1日至2015年7月31日在新西兰进行。研究的纳入标准为年龄50-84岁,可以签署知情同意书,在研究期间居住在新西兰奥克兰。排除标准为目前正在补充VitD和鱼肝油(年龄50-70岁>600IU/天;年龄71-84岁>800IU/天);罹患精神系统疾病,对研究依从性不好;合并高钙血症,肾结石,肉状瘤病,甲状旁腺疾病或进行过胃旁路手术;目前正参加其他研究或基线血浆校正钙水平>10.0mg/dL。

如下图1所示,共5250例入组人群完成了基线评估,基线评估包括签署知情同意书,完成社会人口学状态调查,生活方式(过去12个月的吸烟和饮酒史,体力活动状态,过去3个月的阳光暴露),近期VitD或钙补充,既往病史(包括癌症史和诊断年龄)。所有患者进行了体重和身高测量,抽取外周血测量25-OH-D水平。最终共5110例入组人群参与随机,分别分配接受首次200000-IU VitD3 或安慰剂治疗,后续每月给予VitD3 100000IU或安慰剂治疗。

研究者从新西兰卫生部登记处记录了所有的死亡数据以及原发性浸润性或原位恶性肿瘤,排除非黑色素瘤的皮肤癌。本研究的主要目的为分析随机至结束研究期间,至第一次报道癌症的时间,既定分析组包括总体人群,不同性别人群和基线25-OH-D浓度(<20ng/ml或>=20ng/ml)。次要研究终点为所有在随机12个月至研究结束时诊断为癌症的患者。

结果:5110例参与随机的人群,2例患者退出研究,最终5108例入组人群纳入分析,平均年龄为65.9岁,男性2969例(58.1%),4253例(83.3%)为欧洲或其他种族。仅320例(6.3%)为既往吸烟者,1214例(23.8%)既往诊断为肿瘤。基线的25-OH-D浓度为25.3ng/mL,随机至VitD或安慰剂组的人群基线特征均衡。

下图1显示入组人群流程图,15例入组人群在随机后1年内死亡,108例在主动随访期内(2015年7月31日)死亡,32例在被动随访期内(2015年12月31日)死亡。在整个随访期间,共155例入组人群死亡,VitD组和安慰剂组分别占75例和80例。在随机后2个月内,大多数(98%)的入组人群确认其开始服用研究药物,VitD组和安慰剂组分别有21例(0.8%)和49例(1.9%)入组人群在积极随访期间未确认其服用研究药物。


图1. 研究入组流程图

共375例入组人群在随机后第一次诊断为癌症(其中60例死亡),另外29例在随机前死于癌症,截至2015年12月31日,共404例入组人群为癌症结局。最常见的癌症类型为原位黑色素瘤(n=71)和恶性黑色素瘤(n=55),前列腺癌(n=64),结直肠癌(n=38),乳腺癌(n=36)和淋巴血液系统肿瘤(n=36),见下表2.

表2. 至随访结束诊断为癌症或死于癌症的患者


在随访期间内,两个研究组人群的主要和次要研究终点评估结果见表3。随机至随访结束,VitD组和安慰剂组中,出现癌症的患者比例无显着差异,分别为165(165/2558,6.5%)和163例(163/2550,6.4%),HR 1.01; 95%CI:0.81-1.25;P = 0.95。分别分析男性和女性入组人群,两组癌症发病率无显着差异,HR 0.96; 95%CI:0.74-1.25 vs HR 1.09; 95%CI:0.75-1.59; P = 0.57。此外对比25-OH-D<20ng/ml和>=20ng/ml,两组的癌症发病率也无显着差异,HR 1.01; 95% CI:0.65-1.58 vs HR 1.04;95%CI:0.81-1.33; P = 0.80。VitD组和安慰剂组组第一次出现癌症登记的时间也无显着差异,包括随访后1年,见下图2.所有次要研究终点包括非皮肤性肿瘤均无显着差异,见下表3.

表3. 随访期内,两组诊断或死于癌症的患者比例(校正了年龄、性别和种族)



图2. 在随访期内两组人群罹患肿瘤的比例

结论和讨论:这一研究提示,每月高剂量VitD补充,未补充钙片,连用4年并未显示出癌症预防作用。后续需要在更长的随访时间内,进一步研究评估每日或每周VitD补充与癌症发病风险的关系。

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    2018-10-12 minlingfeng
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    2018-07-26 amy0550
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2061765, encodeId=dfdc2061e6541, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6e1e15509f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71550, encryptionId=e6e1e15509f, topicName=癌风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=778d36, createdName=柳叶一刀, createdTime=Thu Feb 14 09:36:00 CST 2019, time=2019-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1865495, encodeId=72f918654956e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16ce133504e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oncol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13350, encryptionId=16ce133504e, topicName=Oncol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b63894, createdName=minlingfeng, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 23:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1942096, encodeId=55a219420969c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=065b1022341a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高剂量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102234, encryptionId=065b1022341a, topicName=高剂量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=010d202, createdName=amy0550, createdTime=Thu Jul 26 23:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334734, encodeId=0152334e34e9, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/f3d88083d8829740786bed95c22464d1/e325f3af93bb747a620d16c209094d69.jpg, createdBy=9efb2014947, createdName=小小小麦兜, createdTime=Sat Jul 28 15:29:07 CST 2018, time=2018-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=334207, encodeId=821733420e04, content=已学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20231215/ac08b4d4cecf4bd3b9af86e00dcbca38/f6b6a60efd854ff191eb5c611ec7dd12.jpg, createdBy=8afb2071832, createdName=15938038573红旗飘飘, createdTime=Thu Jul 26 06:39:24 CST 2018, time=2018-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1413467, encodeId=8ecf141346e7b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f225299942' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患癌风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52999, encryptionId=3f225299942, topicName=患癌风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8b2c2959841, createdName=zzc2212, createdTime=Thu Jul 26 04:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1601443, encodeId=cce116014434d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5baa5299111' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#患癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=52991, encryptionId=5baa5299111, topicName=患癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=888f18872716, createdName=lq0307, createdTime=Thu Jul 26 04:36:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=333873, encodeId=26323338e3a7, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Tue Jul 24 14:12:10 CST 2018, time=2018-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-28 小小小麦兜

    学习了

    0

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    2018-07-26 15938038573红旗飘飘

    已学习

    0

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    2018-07-26 lq0307
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    2018-07-24 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0

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