Pediatrics:注射疫苗帮助儿童战胜肺炎

2014-12-14 MedSci MedSci原创译

肺炎链球菌是肺炎的主要致病菌,肺炎每年引起超过1百万的儿童死亡。而鼻窦炎也能导致儿童肺炎,甚至引起眼睛和颅内感染。尽管肺炎链球菌疫苗(PCV)可以有效抵御肺炎链球菌的侵入,但是它对能否有效防止肺炎还是个未知数。为了研究PCV疫苗与肺炎的关系,瑞典公共健康机构的Ann Lindstrand医生比较了PCV7和PCV13疫苗接种前后鼻窦炎、肺炎和脓胸的住院率。研究对象为2003-2012年瑞典斯德哥尔

肺炎链球菌是肺炎的主要致病菌,肺炎每年引起超过1百万的儿童死亡。而鼻窦炎也能导致儿童肺炎,甚至引起眼睛和颅内感染。尽管肺炎链球菌疫苗(PCV)可以有效抵御肺炎链球菌的侵入,但是它对能否有效防止肺炎还是个未知数。

为了研究PCV疫苗与肺炎的关系,瑞典公共健康机构的Ann Lindstrand医生比较了PCV7和PCV13疫苗接种前后鼻窦炎、肺炎和脓胸的住院率。

研究对象为2003-2012年瑞典斯德哥尔摩地区0-18岁因鼻窦炎、肺炎或脓胸住院的儿童。研究者根据这些儿童的住院病历系统展开以人群为基础的研究。将病例分为2003年7月-2007年7月组以及2008年6月至2012年6月组,排除PCV疫苗上市的那一年。研究内容包括趋势分析、发病率和比值比。

结果发现,PCV疫苗接种后,0-2岁患儿的鼻窦炎住院率从每十万名儿童70人下降到24人,0-2岁患儿的肺炎住院率从每十万名儿童450人下降到366人,2-5岁患儿的肺炎住院率从每十万名儿童250人下降到212人。脓胸住院率下降并不显著。趋势分析的结果显示(图1),0-2岁患儿注射疫苗之前肺炎住院率上升,0-5岁患儿注射疫苗之后鼻窦炎和肺炎住院率显著下降。


图1 每10万人口住院率趋势分析

研究表明,相比于疫苗注射前的4年时间,PCV7和PCV13疫苗注射后的4年时间内,0-2岁患儿鼻窦炎住院风险下降了66%,肺炎住院风险下降了19%。换句话说,PCV能够有效防止0-2岁儿童患上肺炎。

原始出处:

Lindstrand, A., et al., Sinusitis and pneumonia hospitalization after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics, 2014. 134(6): p. e1528-36.

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    2015-10-25 三三五五

    有意思

    0

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    2015-10-25 三三五五

    有这种效果吗?

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41075, encodeId=0d15410e5d2, content=有意思, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 14:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=41074, encodeId=8418410e408, content=有这种效果吗?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=df9e1651052, createdName=三三五五, createdTime=Sun Oct 25 14:30:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636994, encodeId=9e3116369947a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Fri Nov 27 06:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1958397, encodeId=ba42195839ea6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=766713993a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Pediatric#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13993, encryptionId=766713993a1, topicName=Pediatric)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Mon Dec 15 00:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725701, encodeId=63c91e2570134, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Jun 30 11:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-12-15 hbwxf
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    2015-06-30 feather89

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