Med J Aust:常规止痛治疗外口服大麻二酚对急性下腰痛患者意义不大

2021-05-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究没有发现口服CBD对急性下腰痛患者有益的证据; CBD作为缓解急性非创伤性腰痛的辅助药物并不优于安慰剂。CBD组和安慰剂组在住院时间、不良反应和额外阿片类药物使用方面没有差异。

下腰痛是急诊科就诊人群中最常见的肌肉骨骼症状,是急诊科最常见的五大主诉之一。一项对2000年至2016年在12个国家进行的21项研究的系统综述发现,下腰痛一直是急诊医学中最常见的症状之一。最近的一项系统综述发现,标准药物治疗急性背痛的效用是有限的。据报道,急诊医生经常选择阿片类药物治疗,然而,药物治疗对腰痛的益处不大。

大麻二酚(CBD)是大麻中主要的非精神类植物大麻素(高达40%的提取生物碱),与包括四氢大麻酚(THC)在内的大多数大麻素不同,CBD没有精神运动或认知效果,而且它的安全性很好。CBD因其抗焦虑、抗炎、止吐、抗癫痫和抗精神病作用而吸引了越来越多的医学兴趣。几个国家已经批准它用于治疗神经性疼痛。急性摄入CBD最常见的副作用是头晕或嗜睡、瘙痒或皮疹、头痛、腹部不适、恶心、呕吐或腹泻。尽管CBD及其类似物可能有助于减轻炎症引起的疼痛,但它在治疗急性下腰痛方面的效用尚未得到评估。

Bronwyn Bebee等研究人员评估了口服CBD作为急诊科急性下腰痛患者标准护理的辅助治疗的镇痛效果和安全性。研究成果发表在The Medical Journal of Australia杂志。

该项研究是随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验,研究对象为2018521日至2019613日间在墨尔本奥斯汀医院急诊科就诊的急性非创伤性腰痛的患者。

实验设计流程图

 干预措施为:除了标准急诊镇痛药物,100名符合条件的患者随机接受400mg CBD或安慰剂。

对给药后2小时内疼痛程度进行评分,以数字形式进行(范围0-10)。统计住院时间、需要抢救镇痛和不良事件。

参与者的基线人口统计学和临床特征

100名参与者的平均年龄为47(IQR, 34-60);44是女性。CBD(6.2;95% CI, 5.5-6.9)和安慰剂组(5.8;95% CI, 5.1-6.6;绝对差-0.3;95% CI-1.30.6)两小时后的平均疼痛得分相似。

在给予大麻二酚或安慰剂后的两小时内,平均口头疼痛数值评分(95%置信区间)

在服用CBD或安慰剂之前或之后的4小时内所服用的羟考酮的量相似,扑热息痛的中位数也相同(CBD和安慰剂组:每个1000mg;IQR, 1000-1000 mg)和布洛芬(CBD和安慰剂组:每组400 mg;IQR, 400-400 mg)。除扑热息痛外,非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)和阿片类药物是就诊前24小时内最常用的药物。

CBD组的中位住院时间为9.0小时(IQR, 7.4-12小时),安慰剂组为8.5小时(IQR, 6.5-21小时)。在接受CBD或安慰剂后的4小时内,两组的羟考酮使用情况相似,报告的副作用也相似。

该研究没有发现口服CBD对急性下腰痛患者有益的证据; CBD作为缓解急性非创伤性腰痛的辅助药物并不优于安慰剂。CBD组和安慰剂组在住院时间、不良反应和额外阿片类药物使用方面没有差异。考虑到CBD成本高,这对于可能考虑申请治疗药品管理(TGA)批准获得CBD的患者来说是一个重要的发现。

原文出处

Bebee, B., Taylor, D.M., Bourke, E., Pollack, K., Foster, L., Ching, M. and Wong, A. (2021), The CANBACK trial: a randomised, controlled clinical trial of oral cannabidiol for people presenting to the emergency department with acute low back pain. Med J Aust, 214: 370-375. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51014

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    2021-10-09 respect
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    2021-05-26 kcb069
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    2021-05-24 nvc0520

    学习了

    0

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