J Clin Chil& Adolescen Psy:亲历灾害的青少年创伤后应激障碍的潜在组别及恐惧性与痛苦性心理障碍对组别转化的预测作用

2018-02-12 张建新研究组 中科院心理所

儿童青少年是灾害导致不良心理影响的易感人群,而创伤后应激障碍(Posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)是该人群中发生频率最高且最为核心的异常心理应激反应之一。因此,亲历灾害的儿童青少年的PTSD问题受到了临床研究与实践者的广泛关注。

儿童青少年是灾害导致不良心理影响的易感人群,而创伤后应激障碍(Posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)是该人群中发生频率最高且最为核心的异常心理应激反应之一。因此,亲历灾害的儿童青少年的PTSD问题受到了临床研究与实践者的广泛关注。

前人研究发现,灾害所致PTSD的发展具有人群异质性:在某一样本中可能存在以持续低症状、持续高症状、症状缓解及症状迟发或加重为特征的不同亚组。

然而,这些研究仅着眼于症状严重程度,忽视了个体可能存在的不同症状表现形式(如以恐惧的再体验、情绪及行为相关症状为主的表现形式、以痛苦心境及负性认知症状为主的表现形式,以及二者兼具的表现形式)的转化。

此外,虽然已有研究指出作为PTSD风险因素的恐惧性(如惊恐障碍、分离焦虑障碍和社交焦虑障碍)及痛苦性(如抑郁障碍和广泛性焦虑障碍)心理障碍分别与PTSD的恐惧及痛苦相关症状存在关联,但鲜有研究采用纵向追踪设计探讨这些障碍对PTSD症状表现形式变化的影响。

中国科学院心理健康重点实验室张建新研究组及其合作者采用潜在类别分析和潜在转化分析等方法,在1278名亲历地震的青少年中考察了震后2.5至3.5年间基于症状表现形式的PTSD潜在组别、组别转化模式以及恐惧性与痛苦性心理障碍对组别转化的预测作用。

研究结果显示:在两个时间点上,最优拟合模型均由高症状(High Symptom)、再体验/高警觉症状(Re-experiencing/Hypervigilance)、精神痛苦症状(Dysphoria)及低症状(Low Symptom)4个组别构成(见图1);在两个时间点间,低症状组和精神痛苦组具有较低的组别转化率(分别为20.8%和24.6%),而再体验/高警觉组和高症状组具有较高的组别转化率(分别为64.2%和57.7%),且个体主要移至了症状较轻的组别(见图2);痛苦性障碍显著正向预测了低症状组至精神痛苦组、再体验/高警觉组至高症状组的转化,并显著负向预测了高症状组至低症状组的转化,恐惧性障碍显著正向预测了精神痛苦组至高症状组的转化。






图1 时间点1(A)和2(B)上不同组别PTSD症状模式图



图2 两个时间点间组别转化模式图

该研究首次揭示了亲历灾害的青少年人群中PTSD症状表现形式的变化规律及其他心理障碍在上述变化过程中所起的作用。研究发现进一步加深了人们对儿童青少年PTSD发展进程及其他心理障碍妨害PTSD良性转化的认识,同时也为临床工作者在亲历灾害的青少年人群中灵活开展针对特定PTSD症状表现形式的干预、根据个体症状表现形式的变化调整干预目标,以及在评估与治疗中恰当纳入其他心理障碍等提供了有价值的参考。

该研究受国家自然科学基金项目(31271099,31471004),中科院国际人才交流计划(2016VEA019)以及中科院对外合作项目(153111KYSB20160036)支持。

原始出处:
Xing Cao, et al. PTSD Latent Classes and Class Transitions Predicted by Distress and Fear Disorders in Disaster-Exposed Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. Jan 24, 2018.

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    2018-02-13 lou.minghong

    学习谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-02-12 smartxiuxiu

    关注

    0

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    2018-02-12 zdvfsadb

    学习了

    0

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