Medscape:颠覆!肠道病毒可替代肠道菌群

2014-11-26 xiaorong699 丁香园

一项新的研究表明,真核病毒即可以保持小鼠黏膜免疫,又可以维持肠道的稳态。如果小鼠感染诺如病毒(MNV),可以起到肠道细菌定植一样的有益作用。 科学家早已知道,在健康的婴儿和儿童以及从急性胃肠炎恢复的患者中,通常能分离到RNA病毒。这种病毒感染通常被认为是对机体有害的。但新的研究结果推翻了这一假设,而且提示这些病毒发挥的作用可能类似于细菌等其他微生物。 来自纽约大学医学院的伊丽莎白博士和他的同事

一项新的研究表明,真核病毒即可以保持小鼠黏膜免疫,又可以维持肠道的稳态。如果小鼠感染诺如病毒(MNV),可以起到肠道细菌定植一样的有益作用。

科学家早已知道,在健康的婴儿和儿童以及从急性胃肠炎恢复的患者中,通常能分离到RNA病毒。这种病毒感染通常被认为是对机体有害的。但新的研究结果推翻了这一假设,而且提示这些病毒发挥的作用可能类似于细菌等其他微生物。

来自纽约大学医学院的伊丽莎白博士和他的同事们将他们的研究结果在线发表在11月19日的《自然》杂志上。研究人员共使用三组小鼠,分别为无微生物的无菌小鼠,经抗生素组合疗法处理的野生型小鼠,还有肠道组织用葡聚糖硫酸钠处理受损伤的小鼠。

该研究的创新之处在于发现胃肠道病毒可以帮助维持肠道健康,以及修复受损的肠道。在这项研究之前,很少有研究涉及定植在肠道的病毒。

该团队让无菌小鼠和经抗生素处理的小鼠感染MNV,结果发现病毒感染会修复因炎症引发的肠组织损伤,恢复肠道细胞数,恢复肠细胞的功能,以及恢复肠组织结构。这些明显的结果发生在MNV感染后的2周。

MNV的感染还有助于恢复肠道的免疫系统。但病毒是如何恢复免疫系统还不清楚。研究人员发现1型干扰素相关的抗病毒蛋白表达增加了,这表明该病毒在驱动免疫反应中起着关键性的作用。

研究人员还发现经抗生素处理后的小鼠感染MNV后,其血液中的T细胞水平增加了一倍,在小鼠的肠道和血液中都检测到明显的抗体水平。这些事件和一个正常的病毒免疫反应一致。最后作者认为,一旦抗生素治疗消灭肠道细菌,病毒感染可能有助于肠道的免疫系统。

当抗生素处理的小鼠接受葡聚糖硫酸钠时,MNV也能提高小鼠的生存率。

“我们都知道人们会一直感染病毒和细菌,但他们并不生病,”来自纽约大学的高级研究员Ken博士在一篇新闻稿中说,“现在我们就有了科学证据表明,并非所有的病毒感染都是有害的,也有可能是有益的,健康的,就和细菌一样。”

他指出肠道微生物在健康和疾病中的作用得到了越来越多的关注。在胃肠中,有多种微生物,包括细菌,古细菌,真菌,病毒。这些微生物有多种健康益处,包括调节免疫系统,预防炎症。虽然在胃肠道微生物的集合通常被称为肠道微生物组,但胃肠道中病毒的集合被更具体地称为肠道病毒组

新的研究结果表明,以前被忽视的肠道病毒组可能与肠道微生物组一样重要。

研究者把目光集中于MNV,这是因为他们发现慢性MNV感染可以保护那些炎症性肠病的小鼠。明年,该小组将实验其它肠道病毒及其在微生物组中的作用。

德克萨斯大学达拉斯西南医学中心的王尧和朱莉博士同时发表了一篇社论。社论中提到,“我们认为,病毒组与宿主之间的共生互惠关系是令人难以置信的进步”。因此,他们推测哺乳动物肠道病毒可能有一天会起到益生菌的作用。

除此之外,他们还提到一个大家关系的问题:“哺乳动物肠道病毒在正常的肠道环境中是否起作用?

原始出处

Lara C. Pullen, PhD.Bacterial Microbiome Move Over: the Gut Virome Makes Its Debut.Medscape Medical News.November 19, 2014

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    2015-09-17 smlt2008
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    2015-05-12 feather89
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    2014-12-01 SSRIs

    肠道内不仅存在细菌,还有很多病毒,真菌等等,一个复杂的生态系统。

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897966, encodeId=93a4189e96629, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 20:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725676, encodeId=16af1e2567664, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue May 12 03:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12880, encodeId=30b412880e9, content=肠道内不仅存在细菌,还有很多病毒,真菌等等,一个复杂的生态系统。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLlicehVzPC3BIG5MMT4o0D9CNdMrAdiaz1LvNJDqSoPjibHaiavyvkImlpzzneRgAwFEeCicwRjXhcHbw/132, createdBy=3f1689006, createdName=SSRIs, createdTime=Mon Dec 01 21:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350965, encodeId=3153135096558, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392152, encodeId=3087139215210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=223081e33b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81733, encryptionId=223081e33b6, topicName=肠道菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa292500107, createdName=1249897bm37(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1454606, encodeId=8073145460635, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bd981e071f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81707, encryptionId=2bd981e071f, topicName=肠道病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2a9a5579963, createdName=liye789132253, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458565, encodeId=08fc1458565c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606330, encodeId=27871606330f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-11-28 zhaojie88
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1897966, encodeId=93a4189e96629, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=832c404308' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4043, encryptionId=832c404308, topicName=CAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 20:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725676, encodeId=16af1e2567664, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue May 12 03:31:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=12880, encodeId=30b412880e9, content=肠道内不仅存在细菌,还有很多病毒,真菌等等,一个复杂的生态系统。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLlicehVzPC3BIG5MMT4o0D9CNdMrAdiaz1LvNJDqSoPjibHaiavyvkImlpzzneRgAwFEeCicwRjXhcHbw/132, createdBy=3f1689006, createdName=SSRIs, createdTime=Mon Dec 01 21:39:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1350965, encodeId=3153135096558, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5a31596056' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCAP#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15960, encryptionId=f5a31596056, topicName=SCAP)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1392152, encodeId=3087139215210, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=223081e33b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道菌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81733, encryptionId=223081e33b6, topicName=肠道菌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa292500107, createdName=1249897bm37(暂无昵称), createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1454606, encodeId=8073145460635, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2bd981e071f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肠道病毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81707, encryptionId=2bd981e071f, topicName=肠道病毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=2a9a5579963, createdName=liye789132253, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1458565, encodeId=08fc1458565c3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b5511492e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Medscape#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11492, encryptionId=6b5511492e2, topicName=Medscape)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e4ab6090887, createdName=bnjfx@128.com, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1606330, encodeId=27871606330f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Nov 28 00:31:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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