Cell Stem Cell:造血干细胞直接响应感染,既“杀敌”也“自损”

2017-07-24 佚名 生物探索

造血干细胞是血液系统中的成体干细胞,具有自我更新、多向分化的潜能。造血干细胞可以分化形成各类成熟血细胞,以此满足生理需求和调节各细胞组分之间的平衡。如果发生严重感染,造血干细胞会生成更多的白细胞以抵抗病原物。



造血干细胞是血液系统中的成体干细胞,具有自我更新、多向分化的潜能。造血干细胞可以分化形成各类成熟血细胞,以此满足生理需求和调节各细胞组分之间的平衡。如果发生严重感染,造血干细胞会生成更多的白细胞以抵抗病原物。

复杂的造血系统如何调控产生足够数量的血细胞?“感染”信号如何翻译成“造血”指标?这是苏黎世大学血液学教授Markus Manz团队一直专注且试图解开的谜题。

出乎意外的是,他们首次发现,造血干细胞能够自己检测细菌感染,并启动分裂过程生成更多的白细胞。这一过程并不依赖于细胞因子的调控。值得注意的是,这一防御机制会反过来损伤造血干细胞,从而增加晚年发生恶性造血干细胞疾病的风险。

相关研究成果在线发表在最新一期的《Cell Stem Cell》期刊。

违背常理:造血干细胞直接响应感染,促进造血

过去几年,Markus Manz团队已经证明了血管壁细胞防御感染的过程:它们会分泌细胞因子(cytokines),促进生成血细胞。

现在他们发现,造血干细胞自身也能够发现、对抗细菌感染。“我们第一次证明,造血干细胞具有检测感染的受体。一旦检测到外源物,潜伏的干细胞会被激活,开始分裂,从而产生更多的防御细胞。” Manz解释道。

这一结果与“造血干细胞龛”(hematopoietic stem cell niche)的概念相悖。科学家们曾推测,造血干细胞存在于骨髓中某个完全不受外界信号直接影响的特定区域,他们将这一微环境成为“龛”。

长期发展:这一响应机制会损伤造血干细胞,影响造血



TLR4(toll-like receptor 4)是位于造血干细胞表明的受体,负责检测某些感染。这些位于细胞表面“触须”只对传染性病原体表面的特定结构有反应,例如脂多糖(LPS)。

当人为注射脂多糖将入小鼠血液中,“潜伏”状态的造血干细胞会分裂并提前分化出免疫细胞。研究人员推测,这一检测系统在进化过程能够提高生存优势。

但是,这一过程却存在一个弊端:长远来看,造血干细胞应对感染会使其再生能力受到损伤,从而影响其造血能力。

预防损伤

为什么慢性炎症或者感染在老年时会刺激恶性造血干细胞疾病的发展?这一以小鼠为模型的研究能够解释一二。

Manz团队证实,借助药物能够减缓小鼠体内造血干细胞的损伤。他们希望,借助这些基础研究能够找到干预措施,预防这些看不见的慢性伤害。

原始出处:Hitoshi Takizawa, Kristin Fritsch1, Larisa V. Kovtonyuk1, et al. Pathogen-Induced TLR4-TRIF Innate Immune Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem Cells Promotes Proliferation but Reduces Competitive Fitness. Cell Stem Cell. 20 July 2017. 

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    2018-03-18 维他命
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    2017-07-26 俅侠
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    2017-07-24 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2017-07-24 执着追梦

    学习,谢谢分享

    0

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