Cell:突破!新法有望预测癌症类型!

2018-09-24 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

癌症免疫疗法可提高患者自身免疫系统的作用,使其能够更好地对抗癌细胞,因此这种疗法为一些先前难以治疗的癌症带来了巨大的希望。然而,免疫疗法并不是对每个人都起作用,这其中涉及的具体机制尚不明确。

导  读

癌症免疫疗法可提高患者自身免疫系统的作用,使其能够更好地对抗癌细胞,因此这种疗法为一些先前难以治疗的癌症带来了巨大的希望。然而,免疫疗法并不是对每个人都起作用,这其中涉及的具体机制尚不明确。目前,该领域的大多数研究和由此产生的疗法大都集中在CD8 + T细胞上,这种免疫细胞可识别和破坏表达癌抗原的肿瘤细胞。而另一种类型的免疫细胞——CD4 + T细胞和它所识别的分子信号受到的关注度则十分少。利用生物信息学方法,加州大学圣地亚哥分校医学院的研究人员发现CD4 + T细胞的结合伴侣——MHC-II的分子,可能对新发肿瘤的影响要大于MHC-I,该分子是CD8 + T细胞至关重要的辅助因子。该研究的最新成果发表于9月20日的《Cell》杂志。

Hannah Carter教授是这个研究项目的主要负责人,他表示,“只有了解人体免疫系统在被肿瘤侵占之前所具有的癌细胞清除能力,才能将其与其他遗传风险因素或环境暴露的信息结合起来,进而更好的预测个体的肿瘤易感性”。

认识机体的MHC分子

Carter及其研究团队的研究主要集中在主要组织相容性复合物(MHC),这种分子表达于机体内大多数细胞的细胞表面。 MHC分子作用就是将细胞所用的特异性抗原呈递于细胞表面,进而便于T细胞对这些抗原进行识别,识别的结果有助于免疫系统判断该细胞是否受损或者是否存在异源性。如果T细胞发现MHC分子呈递的抗原有异常,便会启动免疫机制对该细胞进行清除。

在先前的研究中,Carter的研究团队发现了个体MHC-I的遗传构成与该个体肿瘤突变的基因之间存在明显的联系。Carter解释道,“这是十分明确的结论,一旦你的MHC遗传构造出现异常,这意味着某些肿瘤抗原不能被免疫系统所识别,进而产生具有特定遗传变异的肿瘤细胞,因此MHC-I这些遗传信息可以用于预测个体的肿瘤类型以及其最佳的治疗方案。但MHC-I并不是这套系统的全部,MHC-II可以结合比MHC-I更大分子量的抗原。这两种分子在控制肿瘤方面均发挥着重要作用 。

MHC-II的新发现

该研究团队首先利用生物信息技术从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)挖掘了有关MHC-II的数据,此后根据MHC-II分子呈递的1018种癌症抗原对5,942例肿瘤患者进行CD4 + T细胞检查并进行了评分。他们惊讶地发现,与MHC-I不同,MHC-II识别抗原的能力与个体患癌的年龄不存在相关性。

Carter解释说,“假设有100种突变的抗原会导致癌症的发生。如果一个人的MHC-I只能呈现20种这样的抗原,那么这些人的抗癌能力则远低于低于能够提呈80种抗体的人。因此,这部分MHC-I缺陷的人往往会在较小的年龄就患上癌症。这一假设对于MHC-I成立,但对MHC-II却不成立,因此进一步了解MHC-II显得尤为重要”。

展望未来

MHC-II比MHC-I更复杂,而研究MHC-II的工具还不能满足目前的研究需求。但随着该领域的发展,Carter希望研究人员和临床医生在开发和和使用癌症免疫疗法时应考虑MHC-I和MHC-II的数据分析结果。

这些信息可以帮助明确为什么不同个体对免疫疗法所产生的反应不同。更重要的是,她希望医生有朝一日可以使用MHC-I和MHC-II来预测患者免疫疗法的疗效,同时避免可能出现副作用。

原始出处:Rachel Marty, Wesley Kurt Thompson, Rany M. Salem. Evolutionary Pressure against MHC Class II Binding Cancer Mutations. Cell. September 20, 2018

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    2019-04-24 维他命
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    2018-11-02 123ecdebm86暂无昵称

    真的很好可以学到很多东西

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961145, encodeId=fd621961145fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 19:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969377, encodeId=266d19693e7f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=091d1002385e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预测癌症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100238, encryptionId=091d1002385e, topicName=预测癌症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 13:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351284, encodeId=c8aa3512842a, content=真的很好可以学到很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/11/02/6320876aa0cd38864b099c19d9b7533d.jpg, createdBy=7e982448373, createdName=123ecdebm86暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 16:48:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870874, encodeId=20f418e08744d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Mar 14 14:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346679, encodeId=e2983466e95c, content=这个发现主要还是跟免疫治疗结合,期待, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8e425737, createdName=tw007007, createdTime=Wed Sep 26 08:23:50 CST 2018, time=2018-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346560, encodeId=d2f534656017, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Tue Sep 25 12:02:42 CST 2018, time=2018-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346454, encodeId=a786346454de, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 24 15:26:55 CST 2018, time=2018-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-26 tw007007

    这个发现主要还是跟免疫治疗结合,期待

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961145, encodeId=fd621961145fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Wed Apr 24 19:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1969377, encodeId=266d19693e7f7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=091d1002385e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预测癌症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100238, encryptionId=091d1002385e, topicName=预测癌症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f9279, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Mon Aug 12 13:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=351284, encodeId=c8aa3512842a, content=真的很好可以学到很多东西, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/11/02/6320876aa0cd38864b099c19d9b7533d.jpg, createdBy=7e982448373, createdName=123ecdebm86暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Nov 02 16:48:56 CST 2018, time=2018-11-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870874, encodeId=20f418e08744d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Thu Mar 14 14:39:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346679, encodeId=e2983466e95c, content=这个发现主要还是跟免疫治疗结合,期待, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8e425737, createdName=tw007007, createdTime=Wed Sep 26 08:23:50 CST 2018, time=2018-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346560, encodeId=d2f534656017, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Tue Sep 25 12:02:42 CST 2018, time=2018-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=346454, encodeId=a786346454de, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 24 15:26:55 CST 2018, time=2018-09-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-25 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-09-24 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0