Cancer Discovery:新型免疫检查点:可用来增强T细胞抗癌,还能让CAR-T对抗实体瘤

2022-03-11 王聪 "生物世界"公众号

近年来,以CAR-T为代表的细胞免疫疗法,将癌症患者的T细胞在体外通过改造,令其识别肿瘤细胞表面的抗原,然后把这些细胞输回病人体内,达到识别、杀死癌细胞的治疗效果。

T细胞是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分,不仅有助于清除入侵的病原体,如病毒,还有助于杀死癌细胞。

近年来,以CAR-T为代表的细胞免疫疗法,将癌症患者的T细胞在体外通过改造,令其识别肿瘤细胞表面的抗原,然后把这些细胞输回病人体内,达到识别、杀死癌细胞的治疗效果。自2017年以来,FDA已经先后批准了6款CAR-T细胞疗法上市,用于治疗白血病和淋巴瘤等血液类癌症,CAR-T疗法的成功应用,让许多在等待骨髓配型中绝望的人重新燃起了希望,也标志着细胞治疗时代的到来。

但接受CAR-T治疗后,大约有30%-40%的患者得到持久缓解,这也意味着该疗法对一大半的患者效果有限。此外,CAR-T对实体瘤效果不好,目前也没有治疗实体瘤的CAR-T疗法上市。

以PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂为代表的免疫检查点疗法,被认为是彻底改变了癌症治疗格局,对多种癌症有很好的的治疗效果,但并非所有患者都有反应,并且随着治疗的进行,耐药性也随之出现。因此,提高PD-1抑制剂的有效性或扩展其应用范围在临床研究中受到高度关注。

近日,澳大利亚莫纳什大学的研究人员在 Cancer Discovery 期刊发表了题为:PTP1B Is an Intracellular Checkpoint that Limits T-cell and CAR T-cell Antitumor Immunity 的研究论文。

该研究发现,抑制T细胞上的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶1B(PTP1B),可以调动全身对癌症的免疫反应,帮助抑制肿瘤生长。

该研究将PTP1B确定为细胞内免疫检查点和癌症治疗靶点,PTP1B在肿瘤内T细胞中高表达,其缺失或抑制可增强T细胞抗肿瘤活性并增加CAR-T细胞对抗实体瘤的有效性。

在这项研究中,研究团队发现,T细胞上的PTP1B的高表达限制了T细胞的扩增并抑制了其细胞毒性作用,从而促进了肿瘤生长。

接下来,研究团队在小鼠模型中进行了验证试验,发现抑制PTP1B,能够增强癌细胞对PD-1抑制剂的反应。具体来说,T细胞特异性的PTP1B缺失或抑制增加了STAT5信号传导,这增强了抗原诱导的CD8+T细胞的扩增和细胞毒性作用,从而实现对肿瘤生长的抑制。除此之外,抑制PTP1B还显着增强了CAR-T细胞治疗的有效性。更重要的是,PTP1B的缺失或抑制可以显着增强CAR-T细胞杀伤实体瘤(包括乳腺癌)的能力,这为CAR-T细胞疗法治疗实体瘤提出了新的方法。

研究团队表示,为了推进这项工作,关键的下一步将是进一步确定PTP1B缺失对人类 CAR-T和常规T细胞的影响。

研究团队将与开发PTP1B抑制剂的DepYmed公司合作,在临床前动物模型汇总测试口服PTP1B抑制剂的效果,为将来的临床试验奠定基础。

原始出处:

Florian Wiede, et al. PTP1B Is an Intracellular Checkpoint that Limits T-cell and CAR T-cell Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov (2022) 12 (3): 752–773.

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    2023-01-08 yahu
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    2022-04-10 仁者大医
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    2022-03-13 yankaienglish

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